The Brain

The Brain

1. Forebrain

   • Hypothalamus
     • FXS: maintains the body's homeostasis, motivation, (eating, drinking and sexual bx), physical expression of strong emotions (rage, fear & excitement)
     • Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
       • Circadian & Seasonal Cycles
     • Mammilary Bodies
       • Memory
     • D/O: Sleep D/O, Immune Response & Reproduction
     • "Homeostasis"
   • Thalamus
     • FXs: Relays incoming sensory info (except olfactory = amygdala) to cortex
     • Also involved in language, memory & motor activity
     • D/O: Dementia, Aphasia, Korsakoff's (w/ thiamine deficiency)
     • "Central Relay Station"
   • Basal Ganglia
     • Caudate Nucleus, globus pallidus & putamen
     • FXS: Organizes and Coordinates Voluntary movement and gross motor
     • D/O: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Tourette's, OCD, Schizophrenia & ADHD
     • "Initiate Movement"
   • Limbic Sysytem
     • Amygdala
       • FXS: Attaches Emotion to Memory
       • Fear response, emotional processing, learning, fight-or-flight, reward processing
       • D/O: PTSD, Anxiety, inability to recognize facial and vocal expressions of emotion, Kluver-Bucy (w/ temporal lobe)
       • "Emotional Brain"
     • Hippocampus
       • FXS: Transfers info from STM to LTM, processing spatial, visual and verbal memories, consolidating declarative memory
       • D/O: Alzheimer's, Autism, Dementia, PTSD, Anterograde Amnesia & Normal Aging
       • "Memory Consolidation"
     • "Emotions & Memory"
   • Subcortical Structures

2. Midbrain

   • Substantia Nigra
     • Helps control movement & plays role in reward seeking & addictive bxs
       • D/O: Parkinson's & Addictions
   • Reticular Formation
     • Reticular Activating System (RAS)
       • FXS: Awareness, Arousal & Attention - screens incoming sensory info, especially during sleep, and arouses when important info needs to be paid attention to
         • D/Os: Inattention, Hypersomnia & Coma
     • FXS: Sleep & Wakefulness

3. Hindbrain

   • Medulla Oblongata
     • FXS: Regulates Breathing, HR, BP and Digestion
       • D/O: Damage is most often fatal
     • "Basics"
   • Pons
     • FXS: Connects 2 halves of cerebellum, L & R movements of the body
       • Regulating states of arousal: breathing, taste & autonomic fxs (arousal, sleep & respiration)
     • Raphe Nuclei
   • Cerbellum
     • FXS: Balance, coordinate movements, control posture,
     • D/O: Ataxia - slurred speech, severe tremors & loss of balance, ETOH has strong effect on cerebellum
     • "Balance & Posture"

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap