Chapter 6

Chapter 6

Classical/ Respondent Conditioning
1. Ivan Pavlov
  1. Pavlov's Dogs
2. John Watson
  1. Little Albert
3. Four Key elements
  1. 1. Unconditioned Stimulus
  2. 2. Unconditioned Response
  3. 3. Conditioned Stimulus
  4. 4. Conditioned Response
4. Acquisition
  1. The organism learning to associate the stimuli
5. Extinction
  1. A response to a stimuli fading over time
6. The Unconditioned response and the conditioned response are always the same
7. Spontaneous Recovery
  1. The reappearance of a conditioned response
8. Stimulus Discrimination
  1. When only the CS is responded to
9. Stimulus Generalization
  1. Stimuli similar to the CS cause the CR
Operant Conditioning
1. B.F. Skinner
2. Reinforcer
  1. Positive Reinforcement
    1. Increasing a response
  2. Negative Reinforcement
    1. Decreasing a response
  3. Types of Reinforcers
    1. Primary Reinforcers
    2. Secondary Reinforcers
      1. Token Reinforcers
      2. Social Reinforcers
  4. Most effective immediately after response
3. Rates of reinforcement
  1. Continuous Reinforcement
  2. Partial Reinforcement
  3. Fixed Ratio Schedules
  4. Variable-ratio Schedule
  5. Fixed interval schedule
  6. Variable-interval schedule
Cognation
1. Cognitive maping
2. Latent learning
3. Unperceived learning can happen but will only be presented for rewards
4. Signal Relation theory
5. Response-outcome relations
Observational learning
1. 4 key processes
  1. Attention
    1. Observing the model
  2. Retention
    1. Remembering aspects of the behaviour
      1. Imaginal internal represantion
      2. Verbal system
  3. Reproduction
    1. Translating the memory into an overt behaviour
  4. Motivation
    1. Incentives
2. Self Reinforcement
  1. Rewards or punishments given to oneself
3. Self-Efficacy
  1. Belief in the ability to cope with life
  2. High self-Efficacy
    1. Confident
  3. Low self-efficacy
    1. not confident
4. Mirror Neurons
  1. Neurons activated by performing an action or watching another perform an action
5. Antisocial Effect

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