Zusammenfassung der Ressource
ESL
Instructional
Approaches
- Language Experience Approach
- Originally developed for native
English-speaking students as a way of
providing support for initial literacy
experiences. Based on the notion that
students' prior experience needs to be
used as a bridge to new ideas and
concepts.
- Students talk about personal
experiences while another
student or the teacher writes
it down. Later the student and
other classmates can use the
written account as a reading
text.
- Vocabulary and
grammatical
structures are
experienced first
within the language
base known by
students,
- Literacy Across The Curriculum
- Focuses on the language demands of content
subjects and seeks to integrate literacy and
content instruction.
- Integrated Instruction
- All teachers including science, math,
history/social studies teachers carry
our language-development activites
associaled with their individual
content areas.
- Originally developed to native English-speaking students
but has potential for addressing needs of ELLs.
- Cooperative Learning
- Students work in carefully selected
and organized groups on learning
tasks that are structured so all
students share in the responsibility
for completing the task.
- Various models provide multiple
opportunities for students to engage in
active practice of language and content
within a social context.
- Benefits include additional practice of
academic English, the use of the first language
to draw on prior knowledge, the incorporation
of content into ESL classes and the
opportunity for students to become more
independent learners.
- Identified as a particular learning
strategy that is taught overly so that
student understand the value of
working collaboratively on academic
tasks.
- Inquiry Approaches
- Any activity aimed at
extracting meaning from
experience.
- Often linked to science
but can be used in any
subject area.
- Based on
learner-centered
activities in which
students are seen as
active co-constructors
of knowledge.
- The role of students' prior knowledge is
seen as active co-constructors of
knowledge.
- Curriculum calls for fewer topics and greater depth
- Teacher fosters the development
of higher-order thinking skills by
asking challenging questions,
modeling the learning process,
and engaging in interactive dialog
with students.
- Process Writing
- Students learn that writing involves
thinking, reflection and multiple
revisions.
- Teachers model the writing process by
thinking aloud about their ideas, writing
them down, asking for comments from
students and making revisions.
- Classroom becomes a writing workshop
in which students learn the craft of
writing through discussion, sharing and
conferencing.
- Recommended for all types
of writing and in all content
areas.
- By teaching students effective
learning strategies for
planning, accessing prior
knowledge, composing,
reviewed and editing, students
develop both confidence and
increased skill in their writing.
- Balanced Reading
- Based on evidence showing that children do
not learn to read in only one way, but that
individual variation in literacy development is
normal.
- Instruction should be tailored to each child's
preferred approach to initial reading.
- Some children learn best when
they experience language as a
whole system of
communication.
- Classroom activities for these
learners include: teacher read
alouds, journal writing, story
writing, sustained silent reading
and discussions.
- Some learners have an analytical approach to
reading, especially if they have already learned to
read int heir first language through a phonics based
approach.
- These students may prefer approaching English reading
through explicit alphabet instructions, decoding using
phonics, grouping word families and analyzing different
words.
- Standards-Based Instructions
- Instruction based on national and state
standards for each subject content area.
- Identify what students should know and be able to do in
relations to that content subject at each grade level.