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Grey Is Grace
Beschreibung
Mindmap am Grey Is Grace, erstellt von Mohammad Blaidah am 02/11/2016.
Mindmap von
Mohammad Blaidah
, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Mehr
Weniger
Erstellt von
Mohammad Blaidah
vor fast 8 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Grey Is Grace
Signs of myocardial infarction
Cardiac Injury Profile
Testing Enzymes and proteins ( cardiac damage )
Troponin I
Creatinine Kinase MB
Myoglobin
Done for patient with Chest pain
STEMI (ECG)
Elevation in ST segment
Because of major coronary artery complete occlusion
Symptoms Of MI
Anxiety
Crushing Chest Pain
Left arm pain
Jaw and Back pain
Nausea
Trigger 3 Symptoms Reasons
Left arm ache
Brain Overloading
Tightness of the chest
Angina
SOB/Dyspnea
Non-efficient Heart Pumping
Diaphoresis and Excessing Sweating
Over Activation of sympathetic nervous system
Immediat MI treatment
Emergency Drug therapy
Oxygen Administration
Analgesia Administration
Anti-emetics and nitrates
High level of supervision and suscitation facilities
Aspirin
events that take place in typical MI
Coagulation activation
Platelet activation
thromboxane A2 releasing and ADP
Serotonin releasing
thrombin evolve to CAL
-atheromatous plaque disruption
subendothelial collagen and necrotic hemorrhage
Myocardial response to ischemia
Vascular Obstruction
Aerobic glycolysis ceases
Drop of ATP
potentially noxious metabolites Accumulation in cardiac myocytes
Rapid loss of contractility
Ultrasound changes ( rapidly apparent)
Severe ischemia (20-40) minutes leads to myocyte death
ischemia in longer periods= vessel injury-microvascular thrombosis
Arrhythmias
Cell Death
Necrosis
Apoptosis
causes
chemical agents
Infectious agents
genetic factors
Oxygen deprivation
Aging
Decline in structure and function
impaired maintenance and repair
Elderly age = 65
Physiological changes during Elderly
Cardiovascular system
atrial wall thickness -decrease collagen and elasticity
Heart Attack
Sinus Node syndrome
Nervous system
CNS 30% mass loss
Alzheimer Disease
PNS: Loss of motor ,sensory and autonomic fibers
Sensory system
Loss of eye accommodation
Presbyopia
Respiratory system
Loss of muscle mass and weakening or respiratory muscle
pulmonary diseases
Urinary system
Renal mass decreasing
Tubular atrophy
Musculoskeletal Changes
Loss of skeletal muscle mass
Osteoarthritis
Endocrine system
Decreased ability to hormone response
Integumentary system
Impairment of barrier function
some reproductive system diseases : Erctile dysfunction - vaginal yeast infection
Qatar Demographics regarding age
young elderly : 65-74
Moderate elderly : 75-84
Very old :85 and more
Qatar services for elderly people
different inpatient hospital facilities
Geriatric department clinics ( Rumaila Hospital )
Enaya Center
Pharmacological changes in Elderly
Age Effect of basic Pharmacokinetics
Administration
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism Phases: I-II
Elimination
Compliance with medication and Elderly
Hardships to comply to the medication because of :
Lack of knowledge
not knowing how to take medication
Scared of the side effects
Compliance Improvement
disease and treatment education
drug routine simplification
involving the families in disease management
Metabolism during fasting
Energy Reserves
Liver and muscle glycogen
Muscle protein
Liver releasing of glucose
Adipose TGs
Mechanism of Protein Conservation
Ketone Body mentbolism
The Role of the kidney
Hormonal Control during Starvation
Fasting and weight loss
Orthostatic hypotension
effect:
Syncope
agina
stroke
Dizziness
Upright posture assumption
pooling of 500 -1000 ml of blood in lower extremities and splenic circulation which cause:
diminished cardiac output and BP
sympathetic outflow raises:
peripheral vascular resistance
cardiac output
venous return
rapid decreasing in venous return to the heart
Healthy life style
Healthy mind
physical exercise
Good health care
H.diet and weight control
Personal safety
Diet for losing weight in elderly
Challenging process
Requires extreme caution and healthcare
prevention of the weakness and muscle mass loss
medication history before starting
Drinking plenty of water
adding the training to reduce muscle mass deterioration
increasing the protein intake
calories balance
Psychological changes in widows
death after spouse death
Economic hardship
financial stress
higher levels of mental illness
high levels of traumatic grief
loneliness
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