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Mindmap von Lauren Pickett, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Lauren Pickett
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Biopsychology: Function of Neurons
- Humans have two control systems in order to respond
the environment.
- Nervous system: Is divided into two main
sub systems.
- Central
nervous
system(CNS)
consists of
brain and
spinal cord.
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Brain
- The peripheral
system(PNS) which
consists of millions of
neurons that carry
messages to and from
CNS.
- Autonomic system(ANS)
- Sympathetic nervous system.
- Parasympathetic nervous system.
- Sympathetic nervous system.
- Somatic nervous system(SANS)
- Autonomic system(ANS)
- Central
nervous
system(CNS)
consists of
brain and
spinal cord.
- Endocrine system
- Nervous system: Is divided into two main
sub systems.
- Motor Neurons: Carry
messages away from the
brain and spinal cord(CNS)
to the organs and muscles in
the body.
- A motor neuron has
a cell body with
many dendrites
branching off it, they
have a large surface
area in order to
connect with other
neurons and carry
nerve impulses
towards the cell
body.
- The axon then
carries the nerve
impulse away from
the cell body, the
length of axons vary.
- Surrounding the axon is
schwann cells that wrap
the axon to from an
insulating layer called a
myelin sheath.
- At the end the axon divides into a number
of branches called "Synaptic terminals",
there is an small gap between then the
synaptic terminals and dendrites of the
receiving neuron. This gap is know as the
"Synapse".
- At the end the axon divides into a number
of branches called "Synaptic terminals",
there is an small gap between then the
synaptic terminals and dendrites of the
receiving neuron. This gap is know as the
"Synapse".
- Surrounding the axon is
schwann cells that wrap
the axon to from an
insulating layer called a
myelin sheath.
- The axon then
carries the nerve
impulse away from
the cell body, the
length of axons vary.
- A motor neuron has
a cell body with
many dendrites
branching off it, they
have a large surface
area in order to
connect with other
neurons and carry
nerve impulses
towards the cell
body.
- Sensory
Neurons: Carry
messages from
the receptors in
the body(PNS)
to the brain &
spinal cord.
- Receptors such as our sense
organs, muscles, skin or joints
detect physical & chemical changes
in the body and relay these
messages via sensory neurons to
the CNS.
- Receptors such as our sense
organs, muscles, skin or joints
detect physical & chemical changes
in the body and relay these
messages via sensory neurons to
the CNS.
- Interconnecting neurons: are
found in our visual system,brain &
spinal cord. Recieve messages
from the sensory neurons and
pass these messages to other
interconnecting neurons.
- E.G. In reflex arc, like
an knee jerk, hitting
the knee is detected by
receptor cells in the
PNS, which then
conveys a message
along a sensory
neuron. The message
reaches the CNS
where it connects with
interconnecting
neurons. It then
transfers this message
to a motor neuron, this
then takes it to an
effector such as a
muscle.
- E.G. In reflex arc, like
an knee jerk, hitting
the knee is detected by
receptor cells in the
PNS, which then
conveys a message
along a sensory
neuron. The message
reaches the CNS
where it connects with
interconnecting
neurons. It then
transfers this message
to a motor neuron, this
then takes it to an
effector such as a
muscle.
- Synaptic Transmission: A sysnapse is
a specialised gap that allows
electrical messages from one neuron
to transfer to an adjacent neuron.
- When an nerve impulse travels down an axon it arrives at pre-synaptic terminals.
This arrival triggers the realeas of neurotransmitters, they must be taken up
immediatley by the post synaptic neuron otherwise it will be reasborbed by the
synaptic terminals it was released.
- If successfully transmitted the nerve impulse is then carried along
the post-synaptic neuron until it reaches the next synaptic terminal
where the message will continue to pass on via electrical
impulses.
- If successfully transmitted the nerve impulse is then carried along
the post-synaptic neuron until it reaches the next synaptic terminal
where the message will continue to pass on via electrical
impulses.
- When an nerve impulse travels down an axon it arrives at pre-synaptic terminals.
This arrival triggers the realeas of neurotransmitters, they must be taken up
immediatley by the post synaptic neuron otherwise it will be reasborbed by the
synaptic terminals it was released.
- Neurotransmitter - A chemical substance
released from a synaptic vesicle that affects the
transfer of an impulse to another nerve or
muscle.
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