Gender

Gender

Workplace
1. Horizontal segregation - traditional male and female jobs
  1. Differences due to being socialised differently, learning different subjects at school, and women being discriminated in male jobs
2. Gender gap - men earn more even in same job
  1. Men in charge of promotion discriminate women
  2. Division of labour - men are breadwinners, women only work for extra luxuries
3. Sexism - sex discrimination
  1. Sex Discrimination Act 1975 - bans discrimination
4. Having children affects women
  1. Glass ceiling - invisible barrier preventing them from getting promoted
Education
1. Girls - do better in school
  1. In the past, men thought girls didn't need a good education because they will be housewives and mothers
  2. Rise in achievement due to awareness of gender issues and girls having higher expectations
2. Boys - underachieving
  1. Less male jobs, more service jobs which are seen feminine
  2. Laddish anti learning culture - being teased by peers
  3. Lower literacy levels as reading in seen a female hobby
  4. Lack of male role models in primary school
Life chances
1. Women are more downwardly mobile than upwardly mobile because children interrupt careers
2. Double shift - women work full time and do housework/childcare
3. Crime - women less convicted but more likely to be victims of rape
4. Health - men have shorter lives but women suffer more ill health
5. Women likely to do unpaid careers in caring sick, elderly, disbaled
Genderquake
1. Sue Sharpe - In the past girls saw futures in terms of marriage and children not careers
  1. Changing aspirations - careers were more important, amounted in basic shift in gender relations (genderquake)
2. Ladettes - women behaving like men were a new role model
3. Can-Do girls - increasing confidence and high standards
4. Girl Power - feeling created by role models in popular culture
5. Might be achieved but hasn't been achieved yet
Men
1. Disadvantages - shorter life, more stress to support family, not valued as parents, hard to do female jobs
2. Fewer secure jobs - unsure if able to support family
3. Men are under more suspicion of domestic violence
4. Children brought up without father figure so men not important
5. Peer pressure - can't be effeminate, must be macho
6. Changing roles
  1. New Man - anti-sexist, faithful, considerate, willing to do housework/childcare
  2. New Lad - sexist, like men used to be

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