Who were the main cause of the 1905 revolution?

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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Who were the main cause of the 1905 revolution?
  1. Peasants
    1. Role in causing the rev.
      1. Peasant landholdings fell 20%
        1. Used violence to seize land from peasants
        2. Industrialisation put greater pressure on peasants
          1. E.g. Low wages, high taxes
            1. Resulted in tension, violence and riots
              1. Large number (80%) meant it became a threat
            2. High redemption taxes
              1. Forced to sell grain in compensation
                1. Anger - lost more money
              2. Became more politically organised
                1. Formed the All Russian Peasants Union at this time
                2. Harvest failures and vodka/salt taxes exacerbated the situation
                  1. Added 'fuel to the fire'
                3. Counter-arguments
                  1. Not considered to be educated enough to form a revolution
                    1. Peasant population was too widely spread
                      1. Too far apart to spread ideas, congregate or revolutionise
                        1. Contained to mir
                          1. Physically couldn't move
                        2. Attempts were made to resolve issues
                          1. e.g. peasant land bank, reduced tax burden
                          2. ARPU wasn't solely set up by the peasants
                            1. Helped by political parties
                        3. Urban Proletariat
                          1. Role in causing the rev.
                            1. General Strikes
                              1. Sept 1905 - railway strike
                                1. Railways =crucial
                                  1. Used to put down unrest in cities
                                    1. Enabled the rev. to continue without fear of prosecution
                                2. Worker's strikes put Russia into shutdown
                                  1. Affects the economy
                                3. More of a threat
                                  1. Shared anger
                                    1. Concentrated in one area of the country
                                      1. Spreads through cities
                                  2. St Petersburg Soviet set up Oct 1905
                                    1. 400 members
                                      1. Provided alternative to tsardom
                                      2. Bloody Sunday = spark
                                        1. Wanted a 'voice' in society
                                        2. Counter- arguments
                                          1. Wasn't their intention to uprise
                                        3. Political Parties/ Intelligentsia
                                          1. Role in the rev.
                                            1. Growth of opposition groups allowed the number of people who opposed the Tsar to grow
                                              1. Provided visible alternative to Tsardom
                                              2. Political groups returned from exile after Bloody Sunday
                                                1. Take advantage of anger
                                                2. Anger repressed prior to 1905 (Okhrana)
                                                  1. Took more radical views
                                                  2. Intelligentsia long term anger
                                                    1. Restricted in uni
                                                      1. Censorship
                                                        1. Zemstva
                                                      2. Counter arguments
                                                        1. Parties didn't join the rev. until later
                                                          1. Cannot be considered the cause
                                                            1. Lenin wasn't present during the rev.
                                                            2. Required public support in order to be successful
                                                              1. Had different aims - couldn't work together
                                                                1. Social Rev. - Redistribution of land
                                                                  1. Bolsheviks- Violence/ action
                                                                    1. Mensheviks - Revolutionise in time
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