B1, C1 & P1

B1, C1 & P1

B1
1. fitness= ability to do exercise
  1. health= free from disease
2. high bp= brain damage(stroke).
  1. smoking, unhealthy diet = high BP
3. BMI=mass in kg/heigt in m2
  1. EAR= 0.6 x body mass in kg
4. Depressant and stimulant drugs affect nervous system.
5. mosquito is a vector that carries malaria
  1. plasmodium is the pathogen that causes malaria. Its a parasite and human its host
6. homeostatis = maintaining a constant internal enviroment
  1. auxin are group of plant hormones.
    1. Auxins involved in phototropism ( response to light) Geotropism ( response to gravity)
7. Light rays are refracted as they pass through cornea and lens.
  1. Eye accomodates by altering the lens shape.
    1. monocular vision has a wider but poorer distance judgement than monocular vision
  2. A nerve impulse travels along axon of neurone.
    1. A neurotransmitter substance diffuses across a synapse- next nerve impulse can pass to the next neurone.
      1. spinal reflex involves a receptor sensory, relay & motor neurones & an effector
8. alleles are different versions of the same gene
  1. Gender is determined by sex chromosomes- XX=female , XY = male
    1. human body cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes
      1. inherited disorders caused by faulty alleles
        dominant alleles are expressed if present. Recessive alleles expressed in absence of dominant allele.
        Homozygous having 2 identical alleles, being heterozygous having 2 different allels.
        most faulty alleles are recessive.
P1
1. Energy is transferred from a hotter to a colder body.
2. temperature is a measured of hotness on an arbitray scale, measured in C*.
  1. Energy is measured of energy transfer ( on absolute scale) J
3. Energy transferred = mass X specific latent heat.
4. Air is a good insulator & reduces energy transfer by conduction
  1. Conduction in solid is by the transfer of kinetic energy.
5. Trapped air reduces energy transfer by convection.
  1. Convection currents are caused by density changes.
6. Energy saving in home can be achieved by: * double glazing * capacity wall insulation * curtains
7. Shiny surfaces reflect infrared radiation to reduce energy transfer
8. Energy transformation can be represented by Stankey diagrams
  1. earthquake waves travel through the earth.
    1. different waves help us find out about the inside of the earth
9. Efficiency= useful energy output (x100) \total energy input
10. Warm& hot objects emit infrared radiation
  1. Infrared radiation is used for cooking
  2. Microwaves can be used for cooking& communication
    1. Laser light is single colour and in phase.
      1. Laser light , visible light and infrared are all used to send signals along optical fibres by total internal reflection
    2. Electromagnetic spectrum
      1. Radiowaves
        Microwaves
        Infrared radiation
        Visible light
        Ultraviolet
        X-rays
        Gamma rays
    3. Electromagnetic spectrum
      1. Radiowaves
        Microwaves
        Infrared radiation
        Visible light
        Ultraviolet
        X-rays
        Gamma rays
        Exposure to UV radiation causes sunburn and skin cancer.
        sun-cream reduces damage caused by UV radiation.
        CFCs cause ozone layer to be thinner.
        Radio waves used for communtication
11. Digital and analogue signals allow many signals to be transmitted at the same time.
  1. Morse is a digital code
  2. Digital signals allow many signals to be transmitted at the same time
  3. Digital signals are clearer
12. The energy of the wave length increass
13. Digital and analogue signals allow many signals to be transmitted at the same time.
  1. Morse is a digital code
  2. Digital signals allow many signals to be transmitted at the same time
  3. Digital signals are clearer
14. The energy of the wave length increass
C1
1. Crude oil mixture of many hydrocarbons
  1. Hydrocarbons with bigger molecules = stronger intermolecular forces
    1. Hydrocarbons with smaller molecules = weaker intermolecular forces
  2. original atmosphere came from early volcanoes ( high in rich water and CO2)
    1. oceans made from condensated water
2. cracking converts large alkane molecules --->smaller alkane and alkene molecules
  1. cracking helps oil refinery match its supply of useful products (petrol) for demand
    1. crude oil seperated by fractional distilation.
      1. heated at bottom
        Fractions ( low bp) exit at top
        Fractions ( high bp) exit at bottom
    2. fossil fuels finite ( non renewable) resources being made slower than fast demand
  2. AlkANE= single covalent bond only.
    1. AlkENE= double covealnte bond
3. Photosynthesis, respiration & combustion = processes in carbon cycle
  1. clean air - 21%= oxygen 78% nitrogen 0.35% = CO2
  2. choosing a fuel: energy value, avalbility storage . pollution
4. Nylon + Goretex = tough , lightweight,keeps water out
  1. Goretex also allows water to pass through so sweat doesn't condense
5. Protein molecules in egg and meat denature ( change shape) when cooked
  1. emulsifiers are molecules with...
    1. hydrophilic tail= water loving
    2. hydrophobic tail = oil loving
    3. perfumes need to evaporate so can reach nose
      1. Paints are collids as they're mixed ( collective particles)
        Thermohromic pigments= change colour with heat ( used in babies bath toys)
        phosohorescent pigments glow in dark and much safer to use in products

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	Erstellt von anna clews vor etwa 8 Jahre