Keeping Healthy

Diet
1. Food Groups
  1. Carbohydrates
    1. Release Energy
  2. Fats
    1. Keep warm
    2. Release Energy
  3. Protein
    1. Growth and Repair
  4. Fibre
    1. Digestive System
  5. Vitamins and Minerals
    1. Skin, bones and blood
2. Metabolism
  1. Chemical reactions in the body
    1. Keep you alive
  2. Metabolic Rate
    1. Speed chemical reactions occur in the body
    2. Higher muscle to fat ratio =Higher metabolic rate
      1. Exercise increases MR
    3. Bigger people have higher MR
      1. More Cells=More Energy
    4. Men have higher MR
      1. More muscle
Factors Affecting Health
1. Bad Diets
  1. Obesity
    1. Excess carbs or fat=obesity
    2. Bad diet, overeating, lack or exercise, hormonal problems
    3. Athritis, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer
  2. Too much sat fat
    1. High Cholesterol
  3. Too much salt
    1. High blood pressure
    2. Heart Problems
  4. Eat too little...
    1. Malnutrition
    2. Slow growth, fatigue, poor infection resistance
    3. Defieciency Diseases
2. Exercise
  1. Increases body's energy
  2. Decreases fat stores
  3. Builds muscle, increases MR
Fighting Disease
1. Pathogens
  1. Bacteria
    1. Small Cells
    2. Damage Cells
    3. Produce Toxins
  2. Viruses
    1. Not Cells
    2. Replicate themselves
    3. Cell Damage
2. Defence System
  1. Skin, hairs and mucus
  2. Platelets
    1. Help blood clot to seal wounds
  3. White Blood Cells
    1. Engulf & Digest Foreign Cells
  4. Antibodies
    1. White blood cells find foreign antigens
      1. Produce antibodies to lock onto and kill invading cells
        Specific antibodies for each cell
        Reproduce rapidly, killing bacteria or viruses
  5. Antitoxins
    1. Produced by invading bacteria
3. Vaccination
  1. Inject small or inactive micro-organisms
    1. Body produces antigens to help them
      1. White blood cells can produce antibodies in future
  2. Pros
    1. Controls diseases that we're once common in UK
    2. Epidemics prevented
  3. Cons
    1. Don't always work
    2. Can have reactions
4. Antibiotics
  1. Kill bacteria
  2. Resistance
    1. Bacteria can Mutate
    2. Resistant strain- cause serious infection
    3. Over-prescribed
5. Antiseptics
  1. Semmelweis
    1. Women not surviving childbirth
    2. Unwashed hands
      1. Bacteria Spreads
6. Antibiotic Resistance
  1. Bacteria evolve it
    1. Antibiotic Overuse

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Keeping Healthy

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