T013 Sustainable urban drainage (SUDS)

SUDs look at the control of water run-off @ the point of runoff & filter the discharge pollutants through a series of measures @ various pts either through the ground then into the watercourse or sewer
SYSTEMS
1. INFILTRATION SYSTEMS
  1. Permeable pavements
    1. run-off encouraged to permeate through a porous pavement
    2. BACKGROUND
      1. load bearing pavours with out-sized joints r laid over sand & agg bed.
      2. Nr drains & sewers are reduced/ eliminated where run-off is encourages to permeate through a porous pavement such as permeable concrete blks/ crushed stone/ porous asphalt
    3. ADVANTAGES
      1. NO add space taken
      2. lead bearing traffic can run over it - good 4 supermarkets
      3. controlled release in 2 sewers/ water course
    4. DISADVANTAGES
      1. easily damaged during construction/ heavy traffic
      2. restricted by water levels
      3. if infiltration not poss an impermeable membrane can b used with a run off at the lowest point to keep the pavement free from water in all conditions
    5. NEW PRODUCTS
  2. land drainage
    1. Land drainage provides an open conduit 4 water to go to a disposal point/ area
    2. perforated pipes work by providing an open conduit for groundwater to follow to a disposal point, or, a disposal area.
    3. two principles: land drain provides a path of least resistance for g. water to follow and that left to its own devices water flows down even in the gentlest of slopes
    4. ADVANTAGES
      1. fast, easy to lay
    5. DISADVANTAGES
      1. clogged with silt
  3. Filter strips and swales
    1. Vegetated surface features that drain water
    2. SWALES are wide narrow channels that r usually designed as conveyance systems but can also be designed with check dams to increase attenuation and infiltration
    3. FILTER STRIPS only attenuate the flow slightly but they can be used to reduce the drained impermeable area
    4. ADVANTAGES
      1. remove need for expensive kerbing and roadside drainage
      2. good for anphibians
      3. low maintianance
      4. good for removing polluting solids
    5. DISADVANTAGE
      1. carfeul planning req. 2 ensure the flow is not too great
      2. maintenace to ensure outlets are free from debris
  4. soakaways
    1. drain water directly into the ground & r located completely underground
    2. storage of water in an underground chamber and lined with a porous membrane and filled with course crushed rock.
    3. infiltration trenches are long narrow trenches that permit water to seep into the chambers
    4. ADVANTAGES
      1. Surface area of soakaway encourages drainage + has capacity to hold run-off when rainfall rate is greater than the ground absorption rate
      2. easy to integrate into a site - ideal for playing fields etc.
      3. basins can b planted with trees etc improving visual appearance
      4. infiltration trenches provide the opportunity of spreading the water around a site
    5. DISADVANTAGES
      1. clogging
      2. where soil permeability is low & content of soil reducing the water table is high
2. GEOCELLULAR SYSTEMS
  1. Geocellular Storage system
    1. the system provides volume of storage & also prevents entry of silts etc.
3. FLOW CONTROLS
  1. Vortex flow control
    1. used to restrict the flow of stormwater down the system by creating pressure to increase storage volume
4. OTHERS
  1. green roof system
    1. vegetated surfaces assist in slowing down run-off and moisture control
  2. fuel seperators
    1. protects receiving waters from pollution by oil leakage
COST DRIVERS
1. The surface area that requires drainage system management
2. type of surface area, is it soft/hard landscape
3. Volume & velocity of expected water flow to be dealt with
4. capacity of the drainage system
5. space available for the drange system
6. any geographical features encountered e.g. high water table
7. likelihood of future maintenance, access room or specialist maintenance.
PERFORMANCE

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T013 Sustainable urban drainage (SUDS)

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