Biological Therapies

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A level Psychology A2 (Schizophrenia) Mindmap am Biological Therapies, erstellt von Stephanie Bates am 07/04/2014.
Stephanie Bates
Mindmap von Stephanie Bates, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Stephanie Bates
Erstellt von Stephanie Bates vor mehr als 10 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Biological Therapies
  1. CONVENTIONAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
    1. Phenothiazine linked to antihistamine drugs for cold + asthma.
      1. Derivative, chlorpromazine =eff/ calming sym/s SZ.
      2. Block eff/s of dopamine = reduce symp/s. - Dop/ ANTAGONISTS - bind to dop/ receptors (D2 recep/s) - do not stimulate thus block action.
        1. By reducing stimulation dop/ recep/s - reduce acute, pos/ symp/s (e.g...)
          1. Pos/ Symp/s: most common treatment. Eff/ for 70%. Julien (2005) - reduce pos/ symp/s + decrease av/r length time hospitalised. Relatively norm/ life in community. "Long Stay" to "Short Stay" condition.
            1. Wide Range Symp/s: eff/ for some not others. Substantial proportion not helped.
              1. When to Measure: episodic - periods symp/ free.
                1. Placebo Effects: Receiving attention, therapist / benefitting specific therapy. Overcome by using control group (waiting list patients)
                  1. APPROPRIATENESS: Side Effects: serious - 20-25% disordered motor movements (tremors, involuntary tics (Tardive Dyskenesia))
                    1. 50% stop 1st year. Harm - ppl prefer not to take.
                  2. ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS
                    1. Range of drugs as eff/ as conventional but avoid problems.
                      1. Clozapine - eff/ pos/ symp/s when indiv/s resistant to phenothiazines.
                        1. Temporarily block D2 recep/s + rapidly dissociate norm/ dop/ transmission.
                          1. Characteristic responsible for lower levels side eff/s (Tardive Dys/)
                            1. Block SEROTONIN recep/s - precise biochemical mechanisms unclear.
                            2. Neg/ Symp/s: deLima et al (2005) - atypical improve neg/ symp/s. = More eff/
                              1. APPROPRIATENESS:
                                1. Fewer Side Eff/s: main advantages, motor side eff/s sig/ reduced. Lower likelihood Tardive Dysk/. Convential - 30% 9 months showed TD / 5% atypical (Jeste et al, 1999)
                                  1. Relapse Rates Lower: more likely perservere. = more app/.
                                    1. Serious Side Effects: Fewer but serious. Immune system = AGRANULOCYTOSIS - lowers white blood cells. Vulnerable to infection = fatal. 1%-2% patients.
                                      1. Blood monitored regularly - expensive, time consuming. Commitment + time for correct dosage.
                                      2. Ethical Issues: (Hallucinations, delusions - not able to give informed consent
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