The Impact of War on Scottish Society

Recruitment
1. Reasons
  1. adventure/excitement
  2. anti-German propaganda
  3. patriotism
  4. peer pressure
  5. Pals Battalions
    1. Hearts of Midlothian Football Club
      1. McCrae's Battalion (16th Royal Scots)
    2. discouraged once impact on communities became clear
  6. fear of unemployment/pressured by employers
  7. over by Christmas
  8. guilt (white feather)
  9. protect family
  10. martial tradition
    1. kilts distinguishable
2. British Expeditionary Force too small
  1. approx. 100,000 men
  2. Kitchener asked for volunteers
    1. 19 - 35
    2. by the end of Aug. 1914 20,000 men from Glasgow alone
Conscription
1. Jan 1916
  1. single men 18 - 41
  2. exemptions
    1. essential wartime employment
    2. medically unfit
    3. religious ministers
    4. conscientious objectors
    5. married men
      1. extended to them in may 1916
2. in 1918 age raised to 51
3. volunteers not enough to keep up with casualties
Conscientious Objectors
1. Alternatives
  1. non - combatant roles
    1. stretcher bearer etc.
2. Absolutists
  1. refused to fight at all
    1. anger over wasted labour in jail
      1. military camps
        Dyce, near Aberdeen
        250 men
        appalling conditions
        hard labour in a granite quarry, poor living conditions
        one man died from pneumonia
3. Reasons
  1. pacifists
  2. political
    1. Germany was not their enemy
  3. religous
    1. Quakers, Jehovah Witnesses etc.
4. The No - Conscription Fellowship
  1. believed that it was a violation of civil liberties
5. military tribunals
Women
1. Dr Elsie Inglis set up field hospitals
2. International Congress of Women in Hague
  1. Chrystal Macmillan
    1. marked the foundation of the Women's International League for Peace & Freedom - still exists today
3. Munitions Factory in Gretna
  1. 9000 women worked there
4. worked as long as 12 hour shifts in some factories in Glasgow
5. Rent Strikes
  1. refused to pay increased rent
  2. government intervened
    1. rate fixed at 1914 rate unless properties were improved
DORA
1. no photos of military bases
  1. spying
2. beer watered down
  1. pub hours regulated
    1. needed everyone to help war effort
      1. no drunks
3. church bells don't ring
  1. no fireworks
    1. could be signalling
4. not allowed to give bread to horses or chickens
  1. rationing
5. Gov. could take over any factory
  1. war effort munitions etc.
6. censorship
  1. moral & spies
7. no binoculars
  1. spying
8. no trespassing on railway lines
  1. essential for transporting stuff around Britian
    1. could try and sabotage
Remembrance & Commemoration
1. monuments everywhere
  1. Hearts, Haymarket Edinburgh
2. memorial museum
  1. Edinburgh Castle
    1. Scots wanted own memorial
      1. officially opened in 1928
3. minutes silence began in Nov. 1919
4. poetry - John Buchan et al
5. many returned injured, physically & mentally

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The Impact of War on Scottish Society

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