Godden and Baddeley (1975)- Divers

AIM
1. To test the Cue Dependant Theory
2. Can a natural environment act as a cue for recall?
3. To identify whether words would be recalled best in either same environment or in a very different one
METHOD
1. 18 participants
  1. Both male and female
    1. 13 male- 5 female
  2. University diving club (diving holiday)
2. Field Experiment
3. Repeated Measures design
PROCEDURE
1. Participants were given word lists to learn
  1. 36 words
  2. Unrelated- 2/3 syllables
2. Words recorded on tape (DUC devices), so the divers could hear taped words and instructions
3. Practice session- learn breathing technique
4. Lists were presented twice
  1. After the 2nd time, participants heard 15 numbers they had to write down
    1. Stop words remaining in short term memory
5. 4 conditions, dry-dry, wet-dry etc
CONDITIONS
1. DRY CONDITION
  1. Sitting by the water with gear on
2. WET CONDITION
  1. 20 feet below surface, weighed down
RESULTS
1. Words learnt + recalled in same context were recalled best
2. Mean recall was around 50% higher when it took place in the same environment as learning
3. For example
  1. Water + Water= 32%
  2. Water + Land= 24%
CONCLUSION
1. Results demonstrate how the environment can act as a context cue
  1. Helps aid recall
  2. Prevents forgetting

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

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