PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

1. symmetrical/ formal balance

   Anmerkungen:

   • -equal "weight" on equal sides of a centrally placed fulcrum -weight of composition is equally distributed -identical forms on both sides of the axis
   1. bilateral symmetry

      Anmerkungen:

      • -elements are arrange equally on both sides
   2. approximately symmetrical

      Anmerkungen:

      • -equivalent but not identical
   3. radial symmetry

      Anmerkungen:

      • -arranging elements equally around central point
2. asymmetrical balance
   1. color

      Anmerkungen:

      • -vibrant colors against neutral colors
   2. value

      Anmerkungen:

      • black vs. white or contrast
   3. shape

      Anmerkungen:

      • -flat vs. irregular shapes
   4. position

      Anmerkungen:

      • -larger weight (closer) vs. lighter weight (farther)
   5. texture

      Anmerkungen:

      • -smooth vs rough -soft vs. hard
   6. eye direction

      Anmerkungen:

      • -by used of edges, shapes, groups

Anmerkungen:

• -relative size and scale of the various elements in a design

1. deals with the size relationship of one part to another
2. bad proportion vs. good proportion
3. Ex. Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci
4. a.k.a Law of Relationship
5. Perfect Proportion: The Golden Ratio, the Golden Mean, or Fibonacci's Spiral

   Anmerkungen:

   • Parthenon

Anmerkungen:

• -imagine breaking an image down into thirds (horizaontally & vertically) so that you have 9 parts.

1. subject placed on one of the intersecting points
2. natural point of focus

1. similiarity

   Anmerkungen:

   • -repetition
2. continuity

   Anmerkungen:

   • -family resemblances
3. alignment

   Anmerkungen:

   • arranging shapes
4. proximity

   Anmerkungen:

   • -cohesive group

1. achieved by creating differences in:
   1. shape
   2. color
   3. texture
   4. direction
   5. movement
   6. size
   7. value
   8. type
   9. alignment

Anmerkungen:

• -provides focal point for the piece

1. a.k.a. dominance

Anmerkungen:

• -repetition or alternation of elements

1. sense of movement
2. establish pattern and texture
3. kinds:
   1. regular

      Anmerkungen:

      • -intervals bet. elements,  -similar in size or length
   2. flowing

      Anmerkungen:

      • -give sense of movement
   3. progressive

      Anmerkungen:

      • -shows sequence of forms
   4. repetition

      Anmerkungen:

      • -patterning -visual "beat"
   5. alternation

      Anmerkungen:

      • -sequence of repeating motifs are presented in turn (short/long; fat/thin; round/square; dark/light)
   6. gradation

      Anmerkungen:

      • patterned thru regular progression of steps

1. composition with similar units
2. used similar elements

1. to change the character
2. complement to unity
3. needed to create visual interest