The Halogens

group seven:
TRENDS: as you go down group 7, the halogens...
1. become LESS reactive
  1. this can be shown by looking at different reactions...
    1. reactions with ALKALI METALS
      1. eg. lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.
      2. form SALTS qui s'appelle METAL HALIDES, eg...
        sodium chloride - NaCl
        potassium bromide - KBr
        lithium iodide - LiI
      3. become less vigorous as you go down the group
    2. reactions with IRON
      1. form COLOURED SOLIDS qui s'appelle IRON HALIDES, eg...
        iron chloride - FeCl
        iron bromide - FeBr
    3. DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
      1. when a more reactive element ousts (displaces) a less reactive element from a compound
      2. can be used to establish the REACTIVITY SERIES of the halogens...
        ...you can work out which element is more reactive by seeing which displaces the other
  2. because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus, so additional electrons are attracted less strongly
2. have HIGHER melting and boiling points (see above)
PROPERTIES
1. the halogens all...
  1. are non-metals
  2. have seven electrons in their outer shell
  3. have coloured vapours
  4. form diatomic molecules - pairs of atoms
    1. ie Cl^2, Br^2
2. fluorine
  1. very reactive
  2. gas
  3. poisonous
  4. yellow
3. at room temperature
4. chlorine
  1. fairly reactive
  2. poisonous
  3. dense
  4. green
  5. gas
5. bromine
  1. orange
  2. volatile liquid or gas
  3. dense
  4. poisonous
6. iodine
  1. crystalline solid
    1. dark grey
  2. or vapour
    1. purple

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The Halogens

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