757058
industrial chemical synthesis C6
OCR
- we depend daily
on chemicals
- chemical synthesis
- is the process by which raw
materials are made into useful
products.
- such as
- food additives
- colouring
- flavouring
- perservatives
- colouring
- Cleaning and decorating products
- paints
- dyes
- pigments
- bleach
- oven clean
- washing-up
liqued
- paints
- drugs - pharmaceutical
- industry is huge
- industry is huge
- food additives
- all these chemical
industries are passed
through many
processes of testing
and development
- Also, figuring out how to
make chemicals in a
way that produce the
highest yield
- they do this by
controlling the
rate of reaction
- Also, they think about
the environment
- Choosing
the process
with a low
impact
- Choosing
the process
with a low
impact
- they do this by
controlling the
rate of reaction
- Also, figuring out how to
make chemicals in a
way that produce the
highest yield
- Fertilisers
- we use about million
tones every years.
- fertilisers contain
loads of ammonia
- we use about million
tones every years.
- such as
- is the process by which raw
materials are made into useful
products.
- the chemical
industry is huge
- Bulk
chemicals
- larger scale
- sulfuric acid
- ammonia
- sulfuric acid
- larger scale
- Fine chemicals
- smaller scale
- drugs
- Pesticides
- drugs
- smaller scale
- Bulk
chemicals
- the range of chemicals made
in industry and laboratories in
the UK is illustrated in the pie
chart:
- pharmaceutical 37%
- paint, varnishes and
painting inks 8%
- fertilisers 1%
- Fibers 1%
- Others 28%
- Plastic and rubber 8%
- Toiletries and
cleaning
products 12%
- Dyes 2%
- Agrochemicals 3%
- in the UK there are over 200 000
people employed in the
chemical industry.
- some chemicals are sold
directly to consumers, while
others are sold to other
industries as raw materials for
other products
- pharmaceutical 37%
- Acids
- substances have a ph less than 7
- pure acidic compounds can be solids
- citric acid used in food additives
- tartaric acid
- liquids
- sulfuric acid
- nitric acid
- ethanoic acid found in vinger
- sulfuric acid
- Gases
- hydrogen chloride
- hydrogen chloride
- citric acid used in food additives
- Acidic compounds
produce aqueous
hydrogen ions, H+
(aq) in water.
- substances have a ph less than 7
- Alkalis
- substances have ph scale more than 7
- Common alkalis include
- Sodium hydroxide used in
cleaning products
- potassium hydroxide used in
alkaline batteries
- calcium hydroxide used
to neutralise acidic soils
- Sodium hydroxide used in
cleaning products
- Common alkalis include
- Alkaline
compounds
produce aqueous
hydroxide ions,
OH-, in water
- substances have ph scale more than 7
- The PH scale is a
measure of the
acidity or alkalinity
of an aqueous
solution, across a
14-point scale
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