Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Henry VIII -
Annulment
and Divorce
- Reasons Henry
wanted the divorce
- Henry wanted an heir - Catherine had
6 pregnancies in 15 years and only
one child had survived - a girl
- Catherine was old
and lost her looks
- Henry believe his marriage was sinful
because of Leviticus - it said that you
shouldn't marry your brother's wife
- Henry was in love with Anne Boleyn -
she was pushed by her uncle the Duke
of Norfolk to hold out for marriage
- Complications
- Pope Julius II had given a dispensation for
Catherine's marriage to Arthur - if Henry used the
Leviticus (ch 20 verse 21) argument it would mean
that this dispensation shouldn't have been given
- For the current Pope (Clement VII) to admit that
Julius was wrong would cause people to question
Papal supremacy
- Lutherans in Germany are kicking
off - this would only make things
worse for the Catholic Church
- Leviticus said they would be
childless, however they weren't -
this argument was already invalid
- 1527 Sack of Rome - Pope
Clement was under control of
Charles V - Catherine's nephew -
Charles wanted Catherine to stay
with Henry to promote his own
interests
- Clement delayed the annulment by 2
years with little progress
- Henry needed the Pope to give Henry permission (a
'Papal Bull') to marry someone he was already related
to, as he had been involved with Anne's sister
- However this 'Papal Bull' was
only valid if his current marriage
was declared invalid - it wasn't
- Henry wanted a Legatine Court in
England, rather than in Rome
- He instructed Campeggio to
slow down the Divorce as
much as possible
- 1529 - The court is
delayed over the
summer and
recalled in Rome
- 1529 Peace of Cambrai
and Barcelona are signed -
no one will help Henry
- Wolsey's approach
- Catherine claims that her
marriage with Arthur wasn't
consumated
- The dispensation given in 1503
was given on the grounds that
her marriage to Arthur WAS
consumated
- either she is lying or the
dispensation is invalid
- Wolsey said that she was telling
the truth - would make the
dispensation invalid, as well as
her marriage to Henry
- 1528 - Pope decides Legatine Court can be
held in England, but 2 Papal Legates have to
be present (Campeggio with Wolsey)
- Wolsey is not worried about Campeggio
- Wolsey upstaged
him with the
Treaty of London
in 1518
- Campeggio is
the Bishop of
Salisbury, and
therefore gets
paid by Henry
- Reasons the Divorce failed
- Henry decided to use his own
biblical argument, rather than
Wolsey's legal argument
- Wolsey may not have wanted it - he
hated Anne Boleyn and liked Catherine -
he also hoped that Henry would bore of
Anne, as she wouldn't put out
- However, desperate letters to
Rome suggest he realised his
political power depended on it
- Charles V's view
on Divorce
- Catherine was his favourite
aunt - family pride - therefore
was against it
- However, modern view is that
he wasn't into family pride -
one of his other aunts was
divorced and he took the
throne from his mother
- He was more likely interested in
keeping Catherine in court for his
own interests and the fact he
didn't want to back down
- Pope Clement VII's
view on Divorce
- He was very
indecisive - he hoped
the issue would just
go away:
- Catherine could die
or go into a convent
- Henry might get
bored of Anne -
no sex
- England might sort it
out themselves
- He was afraid of both
Henry and Charles - didn't
want to annoy them
- However, he was
determined to do
nothing
- 1534 - Pope declared Henry's
marriage invalid - too late as he
already married Anne