How does the social and cultural structure of settlements vary and why?

Industrialisation
1. Growth of factories which attract workers which improves development of towns and cities
2. Cumulative causation
  1. Investment
    1. Factories
      1. Workers
        More factories
        More workers
        Higher tax
        Economic growth
Suburbanisation
1. People who sought to escape noise and pollution of inner city
  1. Move from centre to sub-urbs
2. Hartley, Plymouth
  1. 3 miles from city centre
  2. Well established residential area
    1. family life
  3. Most houses from 20's + 30's
  4. Wealthy area - large houses (Low density)
  5. Almost no commerical
  6. Lots of land + space
    1. Bus service along main road
Urban sprawl
1. Cities expanding outwards into countryside
Counter-urbanisation
1. Movement away from cities all together and into towns/ villages
  1. Consequence
    1. Increased pressure to build housing
    2. Rising populations
      1. Increased divorce rates
      2. Later marriages increases demand for houses
2. Urchfont, Wiltshire
  1. 1950s
    1. 10 farms
    2. no piped water until 1956
    3. Today
      1. 1/4 of people aged over 65yrs - 16% of Wiltshire's over 65 as a whole
      2. Rural aspect suffering
      3. Farmers facing ruin - big agriculture recessions
        Must expand crops to survive
      4. Urban aspect thriving
      5. 7% of houses are second homes to people living in cities
Reurbanisation
1. Movement back into an area once abandoned
2. Uses gentrification, renovation and re-imaging of areas within cities
Suburban intensification
1. Infilling vacant building plots, replacing detached large housing with smaller homes or flats
2. Upgrading local shipping areas by allowing high street names to take over local
3. Suburbs become urban + higher building densities

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How does the social and cultural structure of settlements vary and why?

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