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Laila has a pain in the arm
Beschreibung
Mindmap am Laila has a pain in the arm, erstellt von amna mohd am 10/03/2017.
Mindmap von
amna mohd
, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Mehr
Weniger
Erstellt von
amna mohd
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
30
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0
Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Laila has a pain in the arm
Anatomy of the forearm
Anterior Compartment
Posterior compartment
Dermatomes
Pain
Pain perception could be influenced by:
Behavioral responses
Emotional reactions
Past or present experiences
Localization of Pain
Cutaneous Pain
Deep Somatic Pain
Psychogenic Pain
Visceral Pain
Types of pain
Stimuli Excite Pain Receptors
Thermal
Mechanical
Chemical
Pattern of pain perception
1. Transduction
2.Transmission
3. Central processing
4. Modulation
Pain receptors - Nociceptors
Sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue
Free nerve endings with large receptive fields
Found in the skin , muscle, joints, bone and viscera.
Hyperalgesia
No nociceptors are found inside the CNS.
Treatment
NSAIDs
Acetaminophen
Antidepressants
Anti-seizure medications
Steroids
Psychological aspect
Psychological effects of pain
Increase in negative feelings
Pain and depression
Pain catastrophizing
Social stigma
Psychological management of pain
Relaxation Techniques
Relax muscle groups one at a time
Learn and remember what relaxation feels like
Practice and repetition
Used for stress and anxiety
Combine with deep breathing exercises
Cognitive Therapy = Distraction or diversion of attention
Biofeedback = Provides bio-physiological feedback to patient about bodily process
Hypnosis = a technique to help a patient reach a focused state
Shingles
What is it?
An infection of a nerve area caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It causes pain and a rash along a band of skin supplied by the affected nerve.
Risk Factors
History of having had chickenpox
Being older than 50
Undergoing cancer treatments
Taking certain medications
Having certain diseases (Such as HIV\AIDS)
Signs and symptoms
Pain, burning, numbness or tingling
Sensitivity to touch
Sensitivity to light
Fatigue
Pathophysiology
Complications
Vision loss of eye problems
Neurological problems
Skin infections
Scarring and skin discoloration
Bacterial infection of the blisters
Post herpetic neuralgia
Pain that does not go away within 1 month. It may last for months or even years after shingles heals
Types of this pain experienced
Constant burning, aching, throbbing, stabbing, or shooting pain
Allodynia
Hyperalgesia
Prevention & Treatment
NSAIDs
Usually used for the treatment of acute or chronic conditions where pain and inflammation are present.
Mechanism of action
COX 2 Is inhibited.
Cox1 and 2 are enzymes that produce prostanglandins (are produced from arachadonic acids)
Side effect
Nausea
Vomitting
Diahrrea
Constipation
Decreased appetite
Rash
Dizziness
Headache
Drowsiness
Types
Medienanhänge
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39f84404-aa4c-49b7-85d8-201982655e3a (image/jpg)
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9e3f89bc-74df-4f62-a5fe-7eaebb2e07a4 (image/jpg)
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8f6f79e8-9375-497c-bd25-16a6c375ebfd.gif (image/gif)
22fff085-419f-4f37-800e-3af781fe175d (image/png)
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