Key Terms for English Language

Impoliteness: The act of directly threatening face.
1. Intended to avoid giving offence by showing deference.
  1. I.e. Questioning, hedging + presenting disagreements (opinions)
Politeness strategies: Distinctive ways in which speakers can choose to speak to avoid threatening face.
1. Expresses concern + minimises threats to self-esteem / "face". Intended to avoid giving offense by highlighting friendliness.
  1. I.e. Juxtaposing criticisms with compliments, establishing common ground, jokes, nicknames, tag questions & discourse markers (please)
Conversational Maxims: Explicit principles that provides a backdrop for conversation to take place so speakers can easily understand each other.
1. Maxim of quantity: One tries to be as informative as possible + give as much information as needed.
2. Maxim of quality: One tries to be as truthful + does not give information that is false / not supported by evidence.
3. Maxim of relation: One tries to be relevant + say things pertinent to the discussion.
4. Maxim of manner: one tries to be as clear, as brief + as orderly as they can in what one says. Avoid ambiguity & obscurity.
Felicity conditions: The conditions needed for a speech act to achieve its purpose. I.e. Authority of the speaker & the situation of the speaker.
1. An essential condition: Whether the speech act is being performed seriously & sincerely. (Promise)
2. A sincerity condition: Whether the speaker intends that an utterance be acted upon by the addressee. (Go jump off a bridge)
3. A preparatory condition: Whether the authority of the speaker and the circumstances of the speech act are appropriate to its being performed successfully.
Speech Acts: Forms and functions associated with particular utterances + types of speech.
1. I.e. Suggestions, apologies, threats, compliments, invitations, advice & warnings.
2. Locutionary act: Utterance itself.
  1. Expressives: Speech which expresses the feelings / attitudes towards the proposition.
  2. Assertives: Speech which commits the speaker to the truth of what they're saying.
  3. Directives: Speech which triggers the reader to take action. I.e. requests.
  4. Declaratives: Speech that makes a pronouncement that changes the reality of the situation. I.e. 'I now pronounce you man & wife.'
3. Perlocutionary act: The actual effect of the utterance on the hearer.
4. Illocutionary act: The significance & pragmatic force of the utterance.
5. Declaratives: Assertations / statements.
6. Imperatives: commands.
7. Interrogatives: Questions / requests.

Nächster

Key Terms for English Language

Beschreibung

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

ähnlicher Inhalt

	Erstellt von sophie terry vor fast 8 Jahre