second language learning

first versus second language acquisition
1. psycholinguistic mechanism
  1. L2 and L1 reconstruction of language
  2. L2 learners are older than L1
    1. more cognitive development
    2. previous learning experience
  3. Dwar and Burt (1974) theory
2. Acquisition of syntax
  1. Innateness hypothesis
    1. based on Chomsky
    2. the ability to acquire language is unique to the human species
    3. We inheritnthe ability genetically
3. Discourse acquisition
  1. the perception of semantic and discourse of L2 and L1 learnersin written text has a high agreement
Role of chronological age
1. age-related differences
  1. Ellis (1985)
  2. Starting age...
    1. does not affect the route of SLA
    2. affects the rate of learning
    3. and time of exposure affect the level of succes
2. Critical period
  1. Biological changes on the brain
    1. Two hemispheres functioning independently
    2. These occur around puberty
    3. Language function is in left hemisphere
  2. 10 first years of life are optimum age for acquiring a second language
    1. the brain retains its maximum plasticity
Effect of instruction on acquistion
1. morpheme order
  1. knowledge of L2 grammar rules is different from the use of these rules for communication
2. conscious learning versus unconcious learning
  1. memorize and identify grammar rules versus using the language for communicate meaning
3. developmental stages
  1. teachibility hypothesis
4. comprehensive input and output
  1. related to meaningful exposure and the opportunity to negotiate a communicative task

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second language learning

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