Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Strengths and Limitations
of Observations
Anmerkungen:
- Green - Strengths
Red - Limitations
- Participant
Observation
Anmerkungen:
- The observer takes part in what they are observing.
- Increases the
Ecological validity
Anmerkungen:
- As participants will behave as they normally do, unaware that they are being observed.
- Reduces the chance of
Demand Characteristics
- Tha participant observer is able
to gain valid insight.
- Very unethical
if covert
Anmerkungen:
- -There is no write to withdrawal.
-The participants are being decived as they do not know they are being observed.
- No consent is being/has been given.
- There is always the chance
that a participant realises
they are being observed.
Anmerkungen:
- And will react accordingly, causing the results to lose validility.
- Generally time comsuming in relation to the
amount of data that is normally collected.
- Small groups are normally observed which
are not representative.
- Low reliability as the
observations cannot
normally be checked.
Anmerkungen:
- Mainly for a Covert Observations which cannot be recorded with ease or making the participants realise that they are being observed.
- Unstructured
Observation
Anmerkungen:
- The researcher records all of the behaviour that they see. (Event sampling for example.)
- Non-participant
Observation
Anmerkungen:
- Observing only with no interaction with the participants task.
- Undisclosed (Covert)
Observations
Anmerkungen:
- Participants are unaware that they are being observed.
- Structured
Observation
Anmerkungen:
- The researchers design a type of coding scheme to record participant behaviour.
- Controlled
Observation
Anmerkungen:
- Normally conducted in laboratory conditions, where variables are controlled throughout the observation.
- The control of variables may
create demand characteristics.
- The control of variables will decrease the
ecological validity of the results.
- Disclosed (Overt)
Observations
Anmerkungen:
- Participants are aware of their observers.