Strengths and Limitations of Observations

Beschreibung

A-Level Psychology (AS/Psychological Investigations) Mindmap am Strengths and Limitations of Observations, erstellt von Robyn Chamberlain am 05/05/2014.
Robyn Chamberlain
Mindmap von Robyn Chamberlain , aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Robyn Chamberlain
Erstellt von Robyn Chamberlain vor mehr als 10 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Strengths and Limitations of Observations

Anmerkungen:

  • Green - Strengths Red - Limitations
  1. Participant Observation

    Anmerkungen:

    • The observer takes part in what they are observing.
    1. Increases the Ecological validity

      Anmerkungen:

      • As participants will behave as they normally do, unaware that they are being observed.
      1. Reduces the chance of Demand Characteristics
        1. Tha participant observer is able to gain valid insight.
          1. Very unethical if covert

            Anmerkungen:

            • -There is no write to withdrawal. -The participants are being decived as they do not know they are being observed. - No consent is being/has been given.
            1. There is always the chance that a participant realises they are being observed.

              Anmerkungen:

              • And will react accordingly, causing the results to lose validility.
              1. Generally time comsuming in relation to the amount of data that is normally collected.
                1. Small groups are normally observed which are not representative.
                  1. Low reliability as the observations cannot normally be checked.

                    Anmerkungen:

                    • Mainly for a Covert Observations which cannot be recorded with ease or making the participants realise that they are being observed.
                    1. Unstructured Observation

                      Anmerkungen:

                      • The researcher records all of the behaviour that they see. (Event sampling for example.)
                      1. Non-participant Observation

                        Anmerkungen:

                        • Observing only with no interaction with the participants task.
                        1. Undisclosed (Covert) Observations

                          Anmerkungen:

                          • Participants are unaware that they are being observed.
                          1. Structured Observation

                            Anmerkungen:

                            • The researchers design a type of coding scheme to record participant behaviour.
                            1. Controlled Observation

                              Anmerkungen:

                              • Normally conducted in laboratory conditions, where variables are controlled throughout the observation.
                              1. The control of variables may create demand characteristics.
                                  1. The control of variables will decrease the ecological validity of the results.
                                  2. Disclosed (Overt) Observations

                                    Anmerkungen:

                                    • Participants are aware of their observers.
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