psychology as a science

cognitive
1. highly scientific method (labratory experiments have high amounts of control)
2. BADDELY (1966b)
  1. followed scientific procedure
social
1. 1924- chaned manifesto in order to become more scientific.
  1. lead to studies which have highly controlled variables.
2. group dynamics rarely exist in a social volume
3. SHERIF (1954/61)
  1. high level of control and careful planning at each stage.
  2. staff were only allowed to intervene when there was a risk of safety (so that their behaviour didn't effect the study)
criminal
1. uses various research methods.
  1. lab experiments are typically used for EWT.
  2. field experiments are succeptable to effects via extraneous variables
    1. less controlled
    2. experiments are considered the most scientific tool used in psychology because they propose testable hypotheses and gather empirical data using objective methods
2. LOFTUS AND PALMER (1974)
  1. labratiry experiment- High controls and it s reproduceable
biological
1. seen as the most scientific way of gathering data.
  1. relates and uses aspects of biology and chemistry
  2. brain scans
2. corralational technique can be very subjective. not reliable data
3. can be considered reductionist
4. RAINE ET AL (1997)
  1. use of PET scans makes the study very reliable.
  2. all participants were treated in the same way
  3. claims to be objective
  4. could be some variation as different participants as the images are often based upon on the location of certain brain landmarks
  5. correlational data is unrealible
learning theories
1. has very scientific ways of gathering data- behaviourist manifesto
2. only observable behaviour should be the topic of investigation not consciousness.
3. WATSON AND RAYNER (1920)
  1. scientific methodology
  2. good control of variables
  3. eliminated extraneous variables of LA before he was conditioned to act as a control
clinical
1. high demand for mental health to be treated the same way as physical health
2. medical model is highly scientific
3. clinical psychology has also helped brain scanning techniques improve
4. ROSENHAN (1973)
  1. scientific procedure
  2. pseudo patients were given strict ways to act within the hopsital
  3. relaibility

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psychology as a science

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