Edexcel A level Biology A - Topic 8

Neurones/Action potentials
1. Sensory, relay, motor
2. Myelin sheath
3. Schwann cell
4. Axon
5. Nodes of Ranvier
6. Nerve impulses
  1. Voltage-dependent channels
    1. K+
    2. Na+
  2. -70mV, -55mV, +40mV
  3. Positive feedback
  4. Depolarised, repolarised, hyperpolarised
  5. Refractory period
  6. Propogation
    1. Saltatory conduction
Visual development/Learning
1. Vision
  1. Critical window
  2. Axon growth
  3. Columns
  4. Depth perception
    1. Carpentered world hypothesis
2. Habituation
  1. Snail core practical
Animal models
The brain
1. Structure
  1. Cerebral cortex
    1. Parietal lobe
    2. Occipital lobe
    3. Frontal lobe
    4. Temporal lobe
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Corpus callosum
  4. Hypothalamus
  5. Medulla oblongata
  6. Basal ganglia
2. Imaging
  1. CT scans
  2. MRI
  3. fMRI
  4. PET scans
Response to light
1. Plants
  1. Auxins
    1. Phototropism
    2. Growth
    3. Cell expansion
  2. Phytochromes
    1. Pr
    2. Pfr
    3. Long day
    4. Short day
2. Eyes
  1. Pupil reflix
  2. Structure
    1. Cornea
    2. Retina
    3. Conjunctiva
    4. Lens
    5. Sclera
    6. Iris
    7. Optic nerve
    8. Choroid layer
  3. Photoreceptors
    1. Rods
      1. Rhodopsin
        Opsin
        Retinal
      2. Bipolar neurone
      3. In light/dark
      4. Black & white
    2. Cones
      1. Colour
Synapses
1. Synaptic transmission
  1. Post-synaptic membrane
  2. Receptors
  3. Synaptic vesicles
  4. Synaptic cleft
2. Problems
  1. Depression
    1. Serotonin
    2. SSRIs
  2. Parkinson's
    1. Dopamine
    2. L-dopa
    3. Dopamine agonists
    4. Selgiline
  3. MDMA
3. Role
  1. Flexibility of response
  2. Coordinated response
4. Excitatory
5. Inhibitory

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Edexcel A level Biology A - Topic 8

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