8635360
Beschreibung
Mindmap von Niamh Clayden, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Niamh Clayden
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Pass Laws
- Abolition of Passes and Co-Ordination of Documents Act on 1952
- Focus on reducing African migration to the cities
Influx control
- Pass laws failed to keep Africans out of the cities
- The African urban population rose from
1.8 million in 1946 to 3.5 million in 1960
- The Dompas became
the most despised
symbol of apartheid
- The African urban population rose from
1.8 million in 1946 to 3.5 million in 1960
- Pass laws failed to keep Africans out of the cities
- Wanted to protect whites from cheap,
black labour
- Protect people from black
people protesting
- Protect white people from crime
- Protect people from black
people protesting
- Law would make all
black S.A students over
16 carry a pass book,
known as a dompas,
everywhere at all times
- Illegal to be
without a Pass =
penalty, arrest and
jail
- Illegal to be
without a Pass =
penalty, arrest and
jail
- This forced Black South Africans to carry a range of
documents including : a photograph, place of birth,
employment records, tax payments and criminal records, and
enabled the gov. to further restrict their movement.
- In the employment records section
was reports from the employer
- If a worker displeased their
employer and in turn
declined to endorse the
book for the pertinent time
period.
- If a worker displeased their
employer and in turn
declined to endorse the
book for the pertinent time
period.
- In the employment records section
was reports from the employer
- Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act of
1956 - meant that people couldn't legally
object to the removal of black people
- Urban Areas Act (1952) - gave urban rights to a minority of
African people who had been born in town, worked for 10
years or lived there for 15 years; these rights were extended to
their children
- According to the Pass Law, gov. officials possessed the
power to expel the worker from the area by adverse
(negative) endorsement in the passbook
- This technique was known as 'endorsing
out' and could be carried out at any time
and for any reason.
- This technique was known as 'endorsing
out' and could be carried out at any time
and for any reason.
- Pass laws were viciously policed & these
measures were deeply resented by
African people
- Were frequently stopped &
searched in the streets and in
their houses
- Passes caused abrasive
encounters with the
police on a daily basis
- Were frequently stopped &
searched in the streets and in
their houses
- In 1956 - reference books were
extended to women
- Those who had rights to stay in
the city were victims of constant
harassment
- Those who had rights to stay in
the city were victims of constant
harassment
- Convictions under the pass laws
increased from 164,324 in 1952, to
384,497 in 1962
- In these years, about 3 million people turned into criminals
- In these years, about 3 million people turned into criminals
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