864170
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Mindmap von sophie_pollard, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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relationship between religion
and politics
- at the forefront of Indian
nationalism
- it was the very foundations of
nationalism that necessitated such
a strong relationship
- because Indian nationalism derived from not one but
multiple political interests and these division were almost
unanimously on account fo religious ideologies
- because Indian nationalism derived from not one but
multiple political interests and these division were almost
unanimously on account fo religious ideologies
- caused suspicion and fear between religious
communities. each kept protectionism at the forefront of
their interests- prevent the other gaining more at their own
expense in the independence movement
- Hindu-Muslim relations
dominated
- it was the very foundations of
nationalism that necessitated such
a strong relationship
- arrival of British brought it to the forefront
- Divide and Rule
- KW Jones: Raj knew exactly how to
utilise them in order to ensure their own
stability as the colonising government
- succesfull
- KW Jones: Raj knew exactly how to
utilise them in order to ensure their own
stability as the colonising government
- afforded priviliges disproportionately amongst
religious communities, mostly the islamic groups.
fuelling Hindu insecurities about the aims of the
Muslims in India. Hindered any efforts to secure a
self autonomous India - required unity between
religious communities
- Divide and Rule
- Individuals identified their social, economic or
political position in comparison to their peers
on the basis of religion
- Masslos: narrative of increasing Muslim
impoverishment under British colonialism, in
favour of Hindu communities due to a
variety of social and economic factors
- religion= driving factor
behind circumstances
that people operate
under and entrance into
political arena
- Hindu and Muslim rivalry= cyclical
nature= political actions of one
stimulated the other
- local level politics: developed so extensively it became a major issue-
one which cannot be ignored when considering Indian Nationalism-
communalism
- multitude of new political organisations
in the latter half of the 19th Century, that
were established largely on the
foundation of an insecurity based on
rival religious commuities
- multitude of new political organisations
in the latter half of the 19th Century, that
were established largely on the
foundation of an insecurity based on
rival religious commuities
- local level politics: developed so extensively it became a major issue-
one which cannot be ignored when considering Indian Nationalism-
communalism
- Hindu communal movements:
- arrival of colonists and their subsequent
introduction of modernised institutions instilled
a sense of backwardness and decline amongst
the indigenous
- too overcome this and challenge the Westernisers, the
intellectual classes responded by adapting thei hindu
customs 'with ideological reinterpretation of the past.'
- too overcome this and challenge the Westernisers, the
intellectual classes responded by adapting thei hindu
customs 'with ideological reinterpretation of the past.'
- Dayanandas Arya Samaj:
attempted to reform Hinduism so
that it could balance both
traditional hindu principles and
customs with western modernisation
which would allow it to rival the
british colonists
- intoduction of Shuddhi to mirror conversion
practices of Christianity which were being
deployed by colonial missionaries to reduce hindu
pop. numbers,
- particularly receptive in
provinces where hindus
were predominantly a
minority
- Jones: as a minority group the hindu communities were
on the defence, felt threatened by muslim dominance,
and resulted in increased political activity to overcome
this
- Jones: as a minority group the hindu communities were
on the defence, felt threatened by muslim dominance,
and resulted in increased political activity to overcome
this
- intoduction of Shuddhi to mirror conversion
practices of Christianity which were being
deployed by colonial missionaries to reduce hindu
pop. numbers,
- ethnic pride had a key impact on the hindu politics
- hindu communities no longer felt lesser than the colonialists-
why should they submit to their rule
- hindu communities no longer felt lesser than the colonialists-
why should they submit to their rule
- not just movements, hindu practices were utilised
in different ways.
- sati in some communities. clear defiance of
british laws, refusal of witnesses to cooperate,
withdrawak of tacit consent of British rule
- customs used to reject british rule
- customs used to reject british rule
- sati in some communities. clear defiance of
british laws, refusal of witnesses to cooperate,
withdrawak of tacit consent of British rule
- movements did not just increase
tensions with colonial
government, but also with other
religious communites
- arrival of colonists and their subsequent
introduction of modernised institutions instilled
a sense of backwardness and decline amongst
the indigenous
- Muslims:
- reacted. e.g. set up of INC in 1885,
Muslim League created in 1906 to
counterwight the movement
- Masselos: contrary to popular perceptions,
Muslim community was similarly fragmented as
Hindu was, predominantly on account of
Sunni-Shi'a split. Issue of participation in the
Indian Nationalist movement is rather less
simple. further way in which religion was key to
nationalism
- some muslims rejected nationalism
completely feared Hindu dominance
more than British
- Sunnis: loyalty to the caliphate,
britains heavy involvement in
the dismantling of the Ottoman
Empire following the firs world
war. mobolised a large number
of mulsims= kaliphat
movement- sought protection of
the caliph
- reacted. e.g. set up of INC in 1885,
Muslim League created in 1906 to
counterwight the movement
- only unifying power?
- duration of the
Indian natioanlist
movement saw
religion retain its
prominence amongst
committed groups
- Peter van de veer: Indian dreams of the
nation always take religion on as one of
the main aspects of national identity.
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