Biological Level of Analysis

1.1 Outline principles that define BLOA and explain how these principles may be demonstrated in research
1. #1 There are biological correlates of behaviour
  Anmerkungen:
  - - The works of neurotransmitters, hormones, specialised brain areas and genes - REDUCTIONIST APPROACH
  1. Newcomer et al (1999)
    Anmerkungen:
    - Aim: investigate how corisol levels interfere with verbal declarative memory (VDM) Procedure: - 51 normal and healthy individuals (recruited through ads) aged 18-30 - randomised, double blind, controlled, 4 days - consent - three groups: 1 = 160 mg of cortisol, 2 = 40 mg, 3 = placebo Results: high level of cortisol group = worse on VDM, low level group (mild stress) no memory decrease
2. #2 Animal research can provide insight into human behaviour
  1. Rosenzweig and Bennett (1972)
3. #3 Human behaviour is, to some extent genetically based
  1. Bouchard et al (1990)
1.2 Localization of function in the brain
1. Case study: Henry Mollaison
  1. Milner (1957)
  2. Corkin et al (1997)
1.3 Explain, using one or more examples, the effects of neurotransmission on human behaviour
1. Example #1 Dopamine
  1. Fisher et al (2003)
2. Example #2 Acetylcholine
  1. Martinez and Kesner (1991)
1.4 Explain using examples, the function of two hormones on human behaviour
1. Example #1 Cortisol and memory
  1. Newcomer et al (1999)
2. Example #2 Oxytocin and trust
  1. Baumgartner et al (2008)
1.5 Discuss two effects of the environment on physiological processes
1. Effect #1 dendritic branching (brain plasticity)
  1. Rosenzweig and Bennett (1972)
2. Effect #2 environmental stressors and hippocampal damage in PTSD patients
  1. Bremner et al (2003)
1.6 Examine one interaction between cognition and physiology in terms of behaviour (and evaluate)
1. Attention and physiology (MBSR)
  1. Davidson et al (2004)
  2. Vesterfaard-Poulsen et al (2009)
2. Case Study: Clive Wearing - Sacks (2007)
3. Case Study: HM - Scoville and Milner (1957)
1.7 Brain imaging technologies in investigating the relationship between biological factors and behaviour
1. MRI Scan
  1. Maguire et al (2000)
2. fMRI scan
  1. Harris and Fiske (2006)
1.8 Which genetic inheritance influence human behaviour
1. Gene mapping
  1. Caspi et al (2003)
2. Twin studies
  1. Bouchard et al (1990)
1.9 Examine one evolutionary explanation of behaviour
1. Disgust in pregnant women
  1. Fessler et al (2005)
1.10 Ethical considerations in research into genetic influences on behaviour
1.11 Discuss how and why particular research methods are used at the BLOA
1. Experiments
2. Case Studies

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Biological Level of Analysis

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