Renaissance

Anmerkungen:

• A lot of changes were made during the renaissance period. Some changes influenced the rest of the world and the rest of the human civilization. 

1. Architecture

   Anmerkungen:

   • Architecture started to improve, I think this was a huge change during the renaissance. Architects developed ways to hold the huge dome above the cathedral. Architects also adapted to the idea of humanism and classical Ideas.
   1. Ancient Greece and Rome

      Anmerkungen:

      • Ancient Greece and Rome had open spaces for public, however some where open but private, so higher ranking people and meetings can happen in the private space, but open for a better atmosphere.
   2. Humanism

      Anmerkungen:

      • Architects adapted to humanism ideas to their buildings and homes. They had open spaces for the public but private spaces as homes. A lot of homes were above the ground floor market.
   3. Rebirth of Classical Ideas

      Anmerkungen:

      • Having a huge public space and improvement of buildings lead to people seeing a better looking city and people can enjoy their time in public spaces which leads to more efficient productivity since people were happy and healthy.
2. Florence Italy

   Anmerkungen:

   • "The cradle of Renaissance" Florence holds the greatest cathedral at that time. They were the banking system of Renaissance, and they had talented artists and architects. 
   1. Medici Family

      Anmerkungen:

      • A rich, ruling family in Florence, Italy. They ruled Florence for over 200 years.
      1. Patrons

         Anmerkungen:

         • They were the patrons, they were the sponsors to a lot of people and the support of the city.
      2. Politics

         Anmerkungen:

         • The medici family was the ruling family which means they are the main point of politics.
   2. Influence of Italian city-states

      Anmerkungen:

      • This was the main city state of Italy, major cities all over Europe starts to evolve into more advance way of living and better looking city.
3. Increased Iteracy

   Anmerkungen:

   • During the medieval period, most people did not know how to write or read. They were not educated. The only people who were educated well were the high ranking people.
   1. Idenpendent Thinking

      Anmerkungen:

      • People began to "betray" the idea of "in bible we trust" they used to only believe what was submitted and written in the bible. However, people started to experiment things and research if the bible was truly correct all the time.
   2. Human Potential

      Anmerkungen:

      • With a better education, more people can do what higher ranking people can do. This improves trading, business, architecture, arts and communication skills.
      1. Gutenberg Printing Press

         Anmerkungen:

         • New technology was invented by people. People found ways to improve their work and through the advance technology, people can have better living and education.
   3. William Shakespeare

      Anmerkungen:

      • Writing many major stories and writings. The improvements of learning lead to Shakespeare still being a famous artist nowadays.
4. Arts

   Anmerkungen:

   • New types of art ideas were formed. Sculptures with expressions, painting with perspectives and the use of humanism ideas.
   1. Rebirth of Classical Ideas

      Anmerkungen:

      • Sometimes artist sculpt objects based on religious items. The most important items are usually the largest.
   2. Humanism

      Anmerkungen:

      • Artist started to adapt to Humanism ideas for art, humanism formed expressions and perspectives.
      1. Michelangelo

         Anmerkungen:

         • He adapted to the Humanism art. He sculpted objects that aren't exactly religious and he made his art works look life-like and had expressions on the person.
      2. Leonardo de Vinci

         Anmerkungen:

         • He made his paintings life-like and most of his paintings are famous even 'till nowadays.
   3. Non religious theme

      Anmerkungen:

      • People started to not only paint and sculpt about religious objects and concepts.
   4. Albrecht Dürer

      Anmerkungen:

      • He combined mathematics with art, he thinks perspective is really important, and the precise measurements will improve the perspective of the painting.
5. Science

   Anmerkungen:

   • Science started to improve, scientists started to wonder if the bible is always correct, they start to investigate and experiment to find the correct answer that they believed in, however often times when they want to submit their new thought to the people in city, they were rejected by the church/cathedral, since majority of the pope and people who followed believes that the bible is always correct no matter what.
   1. Medicine

      Anmerkungen:

      • The change of medicine lead to clean and more precise research by the scientists. During the medieval Europe times, people lived in dirty enviroments, which means medical surgeries and medicine was not a huge impact. But during the renaissance the medicine and medical degree starts to improve due to the researching way of finding the answer.
      1. Andres Vesalius

         Anmerkungen:

         • Doctor, Surgeon, studies anatomy, changed the perspective of medicine and medical science
   2. The plague

      Anmerkungen:

      • Horrible natural disaster/illness that killed almost the entire Europe.
   3. Non-religious theme

      Anmerkungen:

      • People started to betray the bible and research to prove if the bible was always correct
      1. Galileo Galilei

         Anmerkungen:

         • He looked through the telescope and went against the bible. He sees that what the bible says was incorrect, the Earth was not the centre point of the universe. The sun was the centre point of the galaxy. However, he tries to teach this concept to the people, but he was exiled by the church later on when he tries to explain.
      2. Nicolas Copernicus

         Anmerkungen:

         • He too, was against the bible truth. He saw the universe in another perspective and he tried to submit his idea to the people and the church.
6. Trade and commerce

   Anmerkungen:

   • This was a big part of change.New types of market were developed in Florence, it was also known as the bank of Europe. They started new markets and old markets. In the new markets they sell every day items unlike the old market had weapons and food, they want the concept of being clean. 
   1. Mongol empire

      Anmerkungen:

      • They were the connecting point to the Chinese. From Europe and Russia.