Acids, Bases and Salts

pH 7
1. Acids = less than 7
2. Bases = more than 7
  1. ALKALIS
3. NEUTRAL CHEMICALS have pH7
  1. NOT ACIDS
  2. NOT BASES
  3. Dont change the colour of Litmus Paper
  4. Turn Universal Indicator GREEN
  5. WATER
  6. Parafin
Acids
1. Turn blue litmus paper RED
2. Strong acids turn universal indicator red
3. Weak Acids turn universal indicator hyellow or orange
Bases
1. Usually metal oxides or metal hydroxides
  1. Copper oxide
  2. Sodium Hyrdroxide
2. Not all bases dissolve in water
  1. Most do
  2. Copper Oxide doesnt
  3. Soduim Hydroxide can
3. If a base can dissolve in water, it is an Alkali
  1. the stronger the alkali the higher the pH value
  2. Turn Red Litmus paper BLUE
  3. turn universal indicator blue or purple if they are strong
  4. turn universal indicator blue green isa they are weak
Salts
1. Compounds
2. Sodium Chloride
  1. edible salts
3. Formed by acids reacting with bases, carbonates or metal
4. Acids and Bases
  1. Reaction between an acid and a base is called NEUTRALISATION
  2. It produces a salt and water
5. Acids and carbonate
  1. Forms salts, water and carbon dioxide
  2. CO2 causes bubbling during the reaction
  3. Limewater turns a cloudy white when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it
6. Acids and Reactive metals
  1. Salt and hydrogen gas is formed
    1. No water
  2. Hydrogen can be detected with a lighted splint and makes a squeaky pop
7. Salt names
  1. Two parts, one from the base and one from the acid
  2. Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrochloric Acid = Sodium Chloride
    1. Sodium comes from the Base
    2. Chloride comes from the acid
  3. Sulphuric acids make sulphates
  4. Nitrate acids = Nitrate
8. Making a salt from an alkaline solution
  1. Formed when a base dissolves in water
  2. Add acid to the alkali very slowly
    1. use universal indiciator to tell when you reach a neutral state
      1. IT WILL GO GREEN
  3. Makes salt and water
Carbonate
1. Chalk
2. Marble
3. Limestone

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Acids, Bases and Salts

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