RS - Year 9

Anlagen:

• Hinduism - Year 9

1. Trimurti
   1. The three main aspects of Brahman are known as the Trimurti
      1. Brahma
         1. Brahma is the Creator
      2. Vishnu
         1. Vishnu is the Protector
      3. Shiva
         1. Shiva is the Destroyer
2. Sanatana Dharma
   1. This is the name that Hindus give to their religion.
      1. It means the Eternal Religion of Hinduism
3. Deities
   1. Gods or Goddesses
   2. Hindus have one true God - the Supreme Spirit, known as Brahman
      1. But he is seen in many different forms
         1. He is often represented by the symbol of Om
      2. There are three main aspects of Brahman called Trimurti
4. Dharma
   1. Dharma is one's morality and virtue. It is the way in which one should behave
5. Supreme Spirit
   1. Hindus have one God, known as the Supreme Spirit or Brahman
6. Reincarnation
   1. The cycle of rebirth until Moksha
7. Moksha
   1. Moksha is the release from the cycle of rebirth. It all relies on Karma.
8. Karma
   1. Action = Reaction
9. Ghandi
   1. Gandhi used non-violent ways of making India independent
      1. He conducted peaceful protests/marches across India
      2. He used the press to his advantage to make the British rule look bad in front of the world
         1. He made the British look violent and opressive
      3. He encouraged Indians not to rely on the British for items like clothing and food
10. Ramayana
    1. Teaches Hindus to be determined, and have a positive attitude
    2. Rama, prince of Ayodhya, won the hand of the beautiful princess Sita (seen here), but was exiled with her and his brother Laksmana for 14 years through the plotting of his stepmother. In the forest Sita was abducted by Ravana, and Rama gathered an army of monkeys and bears to search for her. The allies attacked Lanka, killed Ravana, and rescued Sita. In order to prove her chastity, Sita entered fire, but was vindicated by the gods and restored to her husband. After the couple's triumphant return to Ayodhya, Rama's righteous rule (Ram-raj) inaugurated a golden age for all mankind.
11. Vedas
    1. These are the most ancient religious texts which define truth for Hindus.
       1. Vedic texts belong to the shruti, which means hearing. For hundreds, maybe even thousands of years, the texts were passed on orally.
          1. Shruti
             1. They are the books believed to be revealed to wise men by God
             2. Written in Sanskrit and only read by very few people
          2. There are four Vedas
             1. Rig Veda
                1. Hymns
             2. Sama Veda
                1. Words which could be set to music - Chants
             3. Yajur Veda
                1. Collection of special words
             4. Athava Veda
                1. Instructions and guidance for life: magic charms, herbs for illnesses, spells for getting rid of evil, weddings and funerals.
          3. Smriti
             1. Also holy books, that are translated for everyone to read. Contains stories such as the Mahabhatra, which teach life lessons.
12. Puja
    1. Puja is the prayer ritual performed to worship a God.

1. The Eightfold Path
   1. The way Buddhist should live their life.
      1. Right View
      2. Right Intention
      3. Right Speech
      4. Right Action
      5. Right Livelihood
      6. Right Effort
      7. Right Mindfulness
      8. Right Contemplation
2. Meditation
   1. Meditation is a way to quiet the mind
      1. Concerntration
         1. Concentration, in which the mind focuses on a mental object (e.g., looking at a candle flame, counting or noticing one's breaths with eye's closed, reciting a chant or mantra with one's mind on the sound, or visualizing certain processes in the body, like the flow of energy).
      2. Mindfulness
         1. Mindfulness, (sometimes referred to as awareness) in which the mind observes itself (e.g., sitting in meditation or doing a simple task while noticing when one hears a sound, feels a sensation or has a thought arise, without following the thought and becoming distracted).
      3. It helps to lead to enlightenment
3. Annica
   1. Everything is always changing and everything depends on something
4. Enlightenment
   1. Siddhartha Gautama received the truth, meaning he was enlightened.
   2. He was tempted women and frightened by animals, but he did not stray from his quest to find truth.
   3. He began to see everything differently, so then was enlightened (Bodhi).
   4. Everyone thought that Siddhartha had failed. He left his family and wealth, but with no out come.
   5. Overdoing things does not lead to satisfaction.
      1. Craving will not lead to satisfaction, but to suffering.
5. Reincarnation
   1. Being born again until Nirvana
6. Dukkha
   1. Suffering: everything has to die and life can never completely satisfy us.
7. Anatta
   1. Nobody stays the same: we are constantly growing and learning.
8. Four Noble Truths
   1. 1. Everyone experiences suffering
   2. 2. The cause of suffering is craving
   3. 3. Contentment is achieved by not wanting
   4. 4. To achieve contentment, follow the Eightfold path
9. Dharma
   1. The state of Nature as it is (yathā bhūta)
   2. The Laws of Nature considered both collectively and individually.
   3. The teaching of the Buddha as an exposition of the Natural Law applied to the problem of human suffering
   4. A phenomenon and/or its properties.
10. Siddhartha Gautama

    Anlagen:

    • Siddhartha Gautama - The Buddha
11. Athiestic
    1. Buddhists do not follow deities

1. Utilitarianism
   1. Ethical principle of greatest good: the ethical principal that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the criterion of the virtue of action
2. Natural Law
   1. The theory that some laws are basic and fundamental to human nature and are discoverable by human reason without reference to specific legislative enactments or judicial decisions
3. Golden Rule
   1. "Treat others as you wish to be treated"
4. Relativist
   1. No fixed laws about right and wrong. People should decide what is best for that situation.
      1. Example: It is wrong for a wealthy person who has no need to steal, but OK for a starving child to steal to survive.
5. Absoloute
   1. Fixed laws, if something is wrong it is always wrong.
      1. Example: Ten commandments, "Thou shalt not steal" - it is always wrong to steal.
6. Morals
   1. Involving right and wrong: relating to issues of right and wrong and to how individual people should behave
   2. Derived from personal conscience: based on what somebody's conscience suggests is right or wrong, rather than on what rules or the law says should be done