Expansion and Consolidation of British Empire in Africa between 1857 and 1914

Reasons for expansions
1. Trade and Economy
  1. British Merchants
    1. Been trading in Africa since 1500's
    2. By the time slavery had been outlawed in 1807 Britain had exported 3 million slaves to its American and Caribbean Colonies
  2. Trade
    1. Prospect of furth er trade opened up new routes in Africa
    2. Coal, iron, and timber
    3. Britain needed to boost their imports of raw materials from Africa in order to manurfacture goods to then re-sell back to Africa
2. Personal Influence
  1. Merchant imperialists
    1. Cecil Rhodes
    2. Goldie
    3. Capitalised on new commodities
  2. Explorers and missionaries
    1. Livingstone
      1. 1858
    2. Captured the imagination of the public
3. Strategic factors
  1. Coastal interest in West Africa demanded protection
    1. Forts along Gold Coast
  2. Coastal defences in Sierra Leone and Gambia
  3. Cape colony gave a route to India before the building of the Suez canal
4. Moral Factors
  1. Missionaries
    1. Saw it as their duty to spread the word of Christianity
  2. 'Convert the heathen'
Extent of British expansion in Africa 1857-90
1. Territory acquired
2. 1890's
  1. wasn't until this time period that expansion really accelerated
Suez Canal and Egypt
1. Britain and Egypt
  1. British traders had been using Egypt for centuries
  2. British interests within Egypt were revived during the American civil war where the British were starved of cotton
  3. Investment in Khedive Ismail Pasha modernising programme
    1. Came to power 1863
    2. Railways and irrigation
    3. Suez Canal opened in 1869
      1. Cut 6,000 miles of route via Cape Colony
2. The Suez
  1. Opened 1869
  2. Ismail Pasha faced increasing debts
    1. Sought a buyer for his 44% share in the canal
    2. Wanted £4 Million
  3. Benjamin Disraeli
    1. British PM
    2. Bought the shares
  4. Increased GB interest within Egypt
3. Establishment of British Control in Egypt
  1. Ismail deposed in 1879
  2. Tewfiq became new Kedhive
  3. Britain became a economic prop within Egypt
  4. £Egyptian army was reduced by 2/3rds
  5. Arabi's Pasha led a revolt due to unemployment
  6. Bombardment of Alexandria
    1. June 1882
    2. PM William Gladstone intervened and used British Naval Force were sent to bombard Alexandria
    3. Arabi Pasha declared war but was defeated within an hour
  7. Britain re-took Egypt as a puppet rule
    1. Veil Protectorate
  8. Evelyn Baring was installed as Consul General
    1. Egypt was under British administrative control
The Sudan
1. Kharthoum
  1. Charles Gordon
    1. Gov. General of Egyptian - administered Sudan
    2. Chinese Gordon
  2. Muhammad Ahmad
    1. Proclaimed himself the Mahdi in June 1983
  3. Jihadist movement overtook the area around Khartoum
  4. Gladstone ordered Gordon to oversee the evacuation of both British and Egyptian forces from Khartoum in 1884
    1. Gordon was beheaded during the attack
2. Gladstone didn't retaliate due to not wanting to have further loss of life
  1. Not until 1896 that another campaign was launched to assert GB's authority over the Mahdist and the Sudan

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Brit. In Africa Table (image/png)

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Expansion and Consolidation of British Empire in Africa between 1857 and 1914

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	Erstellt von ethan vincent vor mehr als 7 Jahre