19th Century Public Health

Why wasn't anything done?
1. Poor couldn't afford to visit the doctor
2. People didn't like other people interfering
3. Government didn't take responsibility
4. Germ theory not accepted
Was it a success?
1. Working men were given the vote
2. The Great Clean Up
3. Government acted when the germ theory was accepted- 1867 ish
John Snow
1. Pioneer in surgery and public health
2. Mocked by doctors
3. Proved clean water prevented the spread of cholera- it wasn't bad air
4. Not accepted until people had accepted the germ theory
5. 1849
Chadwick
1. Wrote a "Report on the sanitary conditions of the laboring population"
  1. Showed how the poor lived in dirty, overcrowded conditions. This caused illness which meant they couldn't work which made them poorer which meant they had to pay higher taxes
2. Produced a mass of evidence for the Public Health Report
3. Persuaded people that a reform was needed, but the reform wasn't immediate
4. Basis for Public Health Act 1848
5. Influence faded in the 1850s
6. Personality held him back
7. 1842
William Farr
1. Used registers of births, deaths and marriages to work out where the death rates were highest and why
2. Provided the link between high death rate and unhealthy living conditions
3. Pressure to change
4. 1837
Public health Acts
1. 1848 (not compulsary)
  1. National board of Health
  2. Improvement for the poor
  3. Taxes
  4. Medical officers
2. 1875
  1. Local councils forced to provide:
    1. Water
    2. Public toilets
    3. Proper sewage and drainage systems
  2. Medical officer of Health
The Great Stink and Bazalgette
1. The "Great Stink" happened in 1858
  1. Hot and no rain- River Thames became smelly
2. Bazalgette designed and built London's sewage system after the Great Stink
  1. 83 miles of main sewage
  2. 1100 miles of sewers for each street with a series of major pumping stations
  3. Main work done by 1865 but took another 10 years to be fully completed

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19th Century Public Health

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