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Acids (Unit 1)
- The pH scale
measures how
acidic or
alkaline a
substance it is.
- A pH of 7 is neutral
- A pH greater than 7 are alkaline (basic)
- Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water.
- All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis.
- All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis.
- The higher the pH, the stronger the alkaline
- Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water.
- A pH lower than 7 are acidic
- The lower the pH, the stronger the acid
- The lower the pH, the stronger the acid
- If a universal
indicator is added
to the solution, it
changes colour to
show the pH of the
solution.
- A pH of 7 is neutral
- Bases and Alkalis
- A base is a substance that neutralises an acid
- Bases such as metal oxides and metal hydroxides react with acids to form neutral products
- Examples of bases:
- Copper Oxide
- Zinc Hydroxide
- Copper Oxide
- Bases that are also soluble in water are called alkalis
- Examples of alkalis:
- Sodium Hydroxide
- Potassium Hydroxide
- Sodium Hydroxide
- All alkalis are bases
- A base is a substance that neutralises an acid
- Alkali + Acid = pH of mixture rises
- the alkali reacts with it forming neutral products
- the alkali reacts with it forming neutral products
- Acid + Alkali = the pH to fall
- the alkali is removed by the reaction with the acid
- when acidity or alkalinity is removed it is called NEUTRALISATION
- a neutralisation always produces salt and water (nothing else)
- a neutralisation always produces salt and water (nothing else)
- when acidity or alkalinity is removed it is called NEUTRALISATION
- the alkali is removed by the reaction with the acid
- Acid + base = salt + water
- If the acid is hydrochloric acid,
- the salt will be a chloride
- Acid: hydrochloric acid
- + Base: copper oxide
- = Salt+Water: copper chloride+ water
- = Salt+Water: copper chloride+ water
- + Base: copper oxide
- the salt will be a chloride
- If the acid is nitric acid,
- the salt will be a nitrate
- Acid: nitric acid
- + Base: calcium hydroxide
- = Salt+water: calcium nitrate + water
- = Salt+water: calcium nitrate + water
- + Base: calcium hydroxide
- the salt will be a nitrate
- If the acid is sulfuric acid,
- the salt will be a sulfate
- Acid: sulfuric acid
- + Base: sodium hydroxide
- = Salt+water: sodium sulfate + water
- = Salt+water: sodium sulfate + water
- + Base: sodium hydroxide
- Sufuric acid is used to
clean metal surfaces
before they're painted.
It's also an important
starting material in the
production of fertilisers
and is used in car
batteries.
- the salt will be a sulfate
- If the acid is hydrochloric acid,
- Examples of commonly used Acids and Alkalis
- The pH scale
using common
everyday items
- The pH scale
using common
everyday items
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