Transport System in Organisms

BloodBlood is a fluid tissue (fluid with cells). It is made up of Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets 

PlasmaPlasma is a pale yellowish fluid that is made up of mainly waterFunctions: Transports many dissolved substances (e.g. digested food from intestines to other parts of the body/ hormones which are powerful chemical signals) Remove carbon dioxide and other waste substances produced in body cells

Red Blood Cells Red blood cells are circular and biconcave in shape, this increases the surface area  of the cells for rapid diffusion of oxygen. Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

White Blood Cells Colourless and irregular in shape Larger than red blood cells and contains nucleus Produces by bone marrows and destroyed by other white blood cells Life span of a few days Two types- Phagocytes and Lymphocytes

Phagocytes White blood cells that engulf and ingest foreign particles like bacteria This process is called phagocytosis

Polymorph Granular cytoplasm Lobed nucleus

MonocytePlasma membrane

Lymphocytes Produces antibodies What are antibodies?Chemical substances produces by the blood to 'fight' against toxins, foreign bacteria and virus.How does antibodies 'kill' bacteria?Bacteria are clumped together using antibodies, a process called agglutination, to allow easy ingestion by phagocytes

Transport Systems in Organisms

Transport System in HumansThe human transport system is called the circulatory system. It consists of The heart Blood vessels- arteries, veins, capillaries Blood

Lymphocyte Large, rounded nucleus Non granular cytoplasm

List three differences between phagocytes and lymphocytes

Lymphocytes Rounded nucleus Non-granular ctoplasm Antibiotics

Phagocytes Lobed nucleus Granular cytoplasm Engulf and ingest foreign particles

Platelets Fragments of cytoplasm from certain bone marrow cells Play a part in the clotting of blood Contain an enzyme that clots blood

Types of Blood Vessels

ArteriesCarry blood away from the heart

CapillaryAllows exchange of materials between blood and tissue

VeinCarries blood towards the heart

Artery vs Veins(1) Structure

Arteries have thick and elastic muscular walls What are the thick elastic walls for? The thick muscular walls help to withstand the high blood pressure in the artery The elasticity permits stretching and recoiling of the artery wall These help to push the blood along

Veins have semi-lunar valves along their lengths to prevent back flow of blood. Why would there be back flow of blood? The gravitational pull as blood goes back to the heart from parts of the body that are below the blood

Capillaries Very thin and fragile microscopic vessels One-celled thick walls Connect the arteries to the veins Repeatedly branched out

Artery vs Veins(2) Presence of Valves

BLOOD

TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ORGANISMS

Blood vessels