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QUESTION 4 – GOOD AND EVILMARK SCHEME The suggested responses given in the mark scheme are not a checklist. Other valid alternative responses should also be credited. (a) questions credit as instructed below: 1 mark for each relevant point made, 2 marks for either two separate points or one point which is developed/explained/elaborated What is meant by 'conscience’? [2] Conscience is a person's moral sense of right and wrong Conscience may act as a guide to personal behaviour and conduct
Describe religious teachings about Free Will. [5] Christianity and Catholic Christianity God has given everyone freedom to live their lives References to different views on predestination and beliefs from different interpretations of The Fall References to writings of St Augustine Different emphasis regarding relationships between predestination and free will depending upon denominations Many Methodists believe that while God is all-knowing and always knows what choices each person will make; God still gives them the ability to choose (or not choose) everything Many Lutherans believe humanity is free to choose and act in every regard except for the choice of salvation Many Roman Catholics do not view free will as existing apart from or in contradiction to grace
(c) Explain how religious believers respond to suffering. [8] Suffering is a necessary part of being human as all animals suffer in some way Suffering can bring benefits, e.g. resilience, deepening of faith Some people suffer (e.g. fasting) to experience the suffering of others and create a shared humanity The acceptance of the principle of karma which relates suffering to previous actions References to the lessons learnt in scriptures and wisdom e.g. the story of Shivan, Job, etc. References to the role of suffering by sources of authority e.g. the suffering of Jesus; the suffering of the Buddha leading to the principle of the Middle Way Religious believers may accept suffering as part of God's plan Religious believers may pray for God to help them through suffering Religious believers may see suffering as a test It may weaken or strengthen faith
(d) 'It is important to always forgive others.' [15] Discuss the statement showing that you have considered more than one point of view. (You must refer to religion and belief in your answer). ● Sacred texts teach forgiveness of others is important e.g. Lord's Prayer, (Matthew 6:14-15), Qur'an 64:14 ● Jesus forgave the people who crucified him and expected others to forgive Other religious figures such as Buddha and Muhammad also taught the importance of forgiveness ● Forgiveness is better for you; it allows you to have 'closure' on a situation It depends on what the person has done; some parts of scripture encourage justice instead ('an eye for an eye') The principle of karma and dharma suggests that we must accept the consequences of our actions and that forgiveness is not always appropriate If God made us, and is omniscient, then he knows we would not be able to forgive sometimes Some religions think forgiveness is not always appropriate e.g. Jews believe that you must not forgive on behalf of another Even some holy books teach about the idea of hell, so forgiveness can't always be appropriate or there would be no such 'place' Catholic Christians have the Sacrament of Reconciliation to show that forgiveness is always possible
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