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Erstellt von Jay Davalos
vor fast 11 Jahre
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Functionalism Structural-Functional Approach - a system of many interrelated parts More Recent Functionalism- Problems as Dysfunctions Manifest- functions that are intended and widely recognized (ex: reason why I go to school is to better my education) Latent- functions that are unintended, consequence but still functional (ex: taking an elective is something I must do to receive my education, but don't need that class) Dysfunction- something that does not function for society (ex: high-cost tuition) Society is basically good, problems are the result of deficient people, too rapid change, or dysfunctional consequencesPoverty & Wealth Early social pathology theory and the later culture of poverty see personal flaws and the culture of poor communities as the causes of poverty Social disorganization theory links poverty and other social problems to rapid social change The Davis and Moore theory explains that a system of unequal rewards draws talent to important work and encourages effort, in the process creating social stratification Gans points out that inequality is useful primarily to richer people Racial and Ethnic Inequality Highlights the importance of culture to social standing. Various categories of the population have differing cultural orientations that affect patterns of education and achievement The "culture of poverty" thesis developed by Oscar Lewis is one example of a theory to explain why some low-income people view a fatalistic view of their situation Traditional or fatalistic culture can be a barrier to achievement for some categories of people
Conflict Theory Social-Conflict approach sees society as divided by inequality and conflictMarxist Theory- Problems and Class Conflict; "Class Conflict Theory" Capitalist system creates social problems i.e. poverty Rich get richer and poor get poorer Multiculturalism- Problems of Racial and Ethnic Inequality Multicultural theory explains social problem in terms of racial and ethnic inequality Minorities remain disadvantaged, higher risk of poverty, poor health, street violence, etc Problems result from inequality in terms of class (marxism); gender (gender-conflict theory and feminism) and also race (multiculturalism) Poverty & Wealth Marx claimed that poverty results from the operation of capitalism Poverty is a matter of, not only a lack of material resources, but a low level of cultural capital Multicultural theory points to the high poverty rates of African Americans and Latinos Racial & Ethnic Inequality Links race and ethnicity to a class- all one element of social stratification Marx and Engels claimed that race and ethnicity divided the working class Multicultural theory claims that our culture has a European bias that pushes minority ways of life to the margins of society
Symbolic InteractionSymbolic-Interaction approach sees society as the product of individuals interacting with one another Learning Theory- Problems and the Social Environment Learning theory claims that people learn troublesome attitudes and behaviors from others around themLabeling Theory- Problems and Social Definitions How people socially construct reality Labeling theory states that the reality of any particular situation depends on how people define it People learn attitudes and behavior for all patterns of behavior; this approach explores how people may or may not define situations as problemsPoverty & Wealth Highlights the meanings people attach to the poor Ryan describes a common view of the poor as "blaming the victim", which is finding the causes of poverty in the attitudes or behavior of the poor themselves Viewing the poor as no different from anyone else encourages the view that society, rather than the poor themselves, is responsible for poverty Racial & Ethnic Inequality How people experience society in their everyday lives. Race and ethnicity affect the way we evaluate ourselves and others. WEB Du Boise claimed that most people consider race a basic element of social identity to the disadvantage of people of color Master status devalue people, these social structures take away from out common humanity
Feminist Theory Poverty & Wealth Feminist theory examines the link between social standing and gender. Feminist view the high rate of poverty among women as one consequence of patriarchy. Intersection theory links various dimensions of inequality, explaining how they result in a pattern of multiple disadvantage
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