Science Study Notes

•Name the states of matter and the processes from one state to another.  •Using the KMT explain what happens to the particles in each state.  •On cooling and heating curves, identify: boiling, vaporisation, melting,  condensation, freezing points; and the states of matter.  The difference between elements, compounds and mixtures.    

Matter - States and Classification

�Triple point- The temperature and pressure where solid, liquid, and gas exist simultaneously. � �Critical point– The temperature and pressure where there is no distinct difference between liquid and gas. �

Pure substance- �is made up of one substance � Mixture �- two or more substances physically combined �- no definite ratio �- can be homogeneous or heterogeneous �

Vocab •freezing point  •melting point  •condensation •vaporization  •sublimation •deposition •matter •atoms  •molecules  •compound

•heterogeneous •homogeneous •suspension •mixture •solution •solute •solvent •colloid

Separation Techniques

•Name the types of separation techniques. •Describe when each of these techniques would be used. •Why is separation of substances important? •Explain how the physical properties of a substance is affected if it not pure.

�Used to separate miscible liquids. � �The liquid with the lowest boiling point boils first and is cooled with a condenser. � �The collected liquid is called the distillate. � �

Fractional Distillation

Chromatography does not separate the components of the mixture but identifies them.

Chromatography 

Substances distributed between stationary and the mobile phases.

� Eg. colour separation with M&Ms �Stationary phase - filter paper �Mobile phase - salt solution (NaCl)

Physical Properties �Physical properties - characteristics that can be observed without altering the identity of the substance e.g. color, odor, density, melting temperature, boiling temperature, and solubility.  �Physical properties can be used to identify a pure substance. �

Matter - States & Classification

Separation Techniques