Lecture 04 PAD and VTE

T/F: CAD and PAD share the same risk factors.

Why are larger arteries more susceptible to PAD?

PAD in UE/LE is more common.

List some risk factors of PAD.

Why is high homocysteine level bad for your arteries?

T/F: chronic inflammation also increases the risk of PAD.

How does increased shear stress cause arteriogenesis?

How does increased hypoxia and ischemia result in angiogenesis?

What are the three stages of PAD progression?

T/F: Intermittent claudication does NOT resolve upon resting.

T/F: Intermittent claudication is usually worse when the person is standing, but gets better once he/she lifts his/her leg up.

If the patient has symptoms in both thigh and calf, he/she is likely having PAD at the _______ level.

If the patient is having symptoms at calf, ankle, foot, he/she is most likely having PAD at the ______ level.

What are the 6 Ps associated with PAD?

What is an auscultation sign of PAD?

What are some atrophic skin changes in patients with PAD?

A capillary refill time of _____ and a Buerger's test of ______, OR a venous filling test of _____ are all positive tests for PAD.

ABI, which stands for ________, compares the (systolic/diastolic) pressure at _______ to _______.

ABI of ________ is considered normal.

ABI of ______ suggests possible intermittent claudication.

ABI of <0.5 suggests _______

A more accurate diagnosis of PAD location can be estimated using the _______.

When invasive procedures are planned, _______ or ______ can be done.

What are the medications can be used to manage symptoms of PAD?

What are some invasive medical managements for PAD?

T/F: A patient with PAD history has the same probability of getting fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular event.

A DVT is a blood clot ( ________) that forms in a deep vein of the LE, either partially or totally blocking the flow of blood.

A PE, (pulmonary embolism), is caused when:

T/F: DVT is more common in LE than UE.

What are the 3 components of Virchow's Triad?

Common causes of vascular wall injury:

Common causes of circulatory stasis.

What are the causes of hypercoagulable state?

The initial thrombus has mostly _____ and ______, while the extension has mostly _______ and _______.

What does plasmin do?

In patients with DVT, their affected side will have skin that is _____ to touch.

Symptoms for DVT.

Symptoms for pulmonary embolism

Where is the tenderness usually located in DVT?

What is the cut-off score on Well's CPR for DVT?

What are the 2 pathological criteria in Well's CPR?

What are the 2 mobility related criteria in Well's CPR?

What are the 2 venous criteria in Well's CPR?

What are the 3 edema-related criteria of Well's CPR?

What is the criterion negatively associated with DVT in Well's CPR?

What is the test if patient is socored as 'low risk' by Wells' CPR?

What is patient scored higher than 2 in Well's CPR?

D-dimer is a breakdown product of _______. It is used as the lab indicator of ________ level.
It suggests __________.

T/F: If the vein is collapsed during venous compresison US, then DVT is present.

Venography is the same procedure as ____________.

What is the clinical cut-off for low probability, intermediate, and high probability of PE according to Well's CPR?

What are the +1 criteria for PE?

What are the +1.5 criteria for PE?

What are the +3 criteria for PE?

Is the Well's CPR for PE more accurate in youth or elderly? In those with or without previous VTE episodes?

What is the clinical risk cut-off between unlikely and likely for PE?

What if a patient with unlikely PE is tested positive for d-dimer?

What is the primary treatment for DVT?

What does LMWH stand for?

What are some common anticoagulation drugs

What, aside from anticoagulation, can PE be treated with?

What criteria must the patient fit to undergo thrombolytic treatment?