Which type of medication is indicated for a patient with hypertension?
Antidysrythmic
Peripheral vasodilator
Vasoconstrictor
Cardiotonic
Nitroglycerin is the drug of choice for patients who have:
angina pectoris
thrombus formation
hyperlipidemia
hypotension
Which statement is correct regarding the administration of topical nitroglycerin ointment?
The ointment should be spread over the anterior chest wall
The ointment should be applied specifically for episodes of acute angina.
The old ointment should be removed before the new ointment is applied.
The ointment should be massaged gently into the skin and the area then covered with plastic wrap.
Which of the following drugs is used to treat premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)?
Digoxin
Apresoline
Lidocaine
Nitroglycerin
Which of the following is an undesirable effect of antidysrhythmic medications?
Bradycardia
Normal sinus rhythm
Improved cardiac output
Decreased angina
Which antihyperlipidemic agent is taken once daily in the evening?
Chloestyramine resin (Questran)
Niacin (Niacor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Cardiotonic medications act by:
Directly stimulating the myocardium
Preventing blood coagulation
helping in thrombus formation
dilating arteriole walls
Your patient questions why he is on digoxin immune Fab for the treatment of digitoxin toxicity. You respond by telling him the medication:
works faster than digoxin
is safer than digoxin and can be taken orally
helps to convert the fibrillating atria to a regular rhythm
will help lower his blood levels of digoxin
The negative chronotropic side effect in patients receiving digoxin is evidenced by:
increased heart rate
decreased conduction
decreased heart rate
increased ectopic beats
When thiazide and loop diuretics are administered, the patient should be monitored for:
high sodium levels
high potassium levels
low sodium levels
low potassium levels
You are visiting an 80 yr old patient in her home. She is receiving 0.125mg of oral digoxin daily. She also takes HCTZ 50mg bid. She complains of blurred vision and nausea. You observe that she is confused and disoriented at times. Which of the following might be the problem?
The patient needs to have her HCTZ increased
The patient may have digitalis toxicity
The patient may have developed chronic heart failure
The patient may have Alzheimer disease
The physician tells you that a patient is hypokalemic. He has been taking thiazide medication for treatment of his high blood pressure. You will instruct him to increase his dietary intake of which of the following?
Green and leafy vegetables
Sodium
Bananas and citrus fruit
Low-fat products
A patient is admitted to the emergency room with a diagnosis of CHF. Which of the following medications may be ordered to treat CHF?
Propranolol
Procainamide
Isoxsuprine
Which of the following is a nursing consideration for a patient with a UTI taking phenazopyridine?
It may take 2 to 4 weeks before a response is seen.
Phenazopyridine should be taken with a glass of milk or an antacid.
Urine may turn orange or red.
The patient will need to take a potassium supplement while on phenazopyridine therapy.
Which of the following is an adverse effect of quinidine?
Tinnitus
Constipation
Tremors
Hypotension
Which of the following is a nitrite compound that s used therapeutically to abort acute attacks of angina pectoris?
Quinidine sulfate
Minoxidil
A patient is scheduled to leave the hospital tomorrow. He has been instructed to take nitroglycerin sublingually if angina is experienced. Which of the following instructions concerning dosage would he be given?
During an acute attack of angina, he may repeat the dose after 5 to 10 minutes if the pain is not relieved.
He should never repeat a dose but should notify the physician if the pain is not relieved.
If pain is not relieved within 3 to 5 minutes after taking a dose, he should repeat it. He may do this for three doses. If he pain is not relieved, he should chew aspirin and go immediately to an ER to be evaluated for an acute MI.
He can take as many tablets as necessary until relief occurs.
Because they act to relax the walls of blood vessels and decrease blood pressure, vasodilators play an important role in the treatment of all EXCEPT which of the following?
Prevention and treatment of angina due to coronary artery disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Hypertension
Dysrhythmias
A patient taking a potassium-sparing diuretic should be monitored for which side effect?
Gynecomastia
Alopecia
Hyperglycemia
A patient is being evaluated for treatment with HCTZ. Which laboratory value warrants notification to the prescriber?
Urine specific gravity of less than 1.0028
Serum WBC count greater than 4000
Potassium below 3 mEq/L
Serum creatinine of 1 mg
Which question is relevant in evaluating a patient who is taking bumetanide in combination with gentamicin?
"What is the date today?"
"How many fingers do you see?"
"Can you hear this whisper?"
"Can you touch your index finger to your nose?"
Which statements best demonstrate a patient's understanding of treatment with tolterodine?
"i need to decrease my fluid intake while I am on this medication."
"My husband is going to drive until I see how this drug will affect me."
"I will change the patch every day."
"I will call the doctor if I get a rash where the patch has been."
"This drug will help stop the sudden need to go that I've been having."
A patient is taking 20 mg of metolazone by mouth daily to reduce edema. Before discharge the patient will be taught which instructions? (Check all that apply)
Slowly change positions from lying to sitting and sitting to standing
Limit fluid intake to one liter per day.
Increase saliva production can be managed by reducing water intake.
Wear sunscreen and appropriate clothing to avoid sunburn.
Use caution in tasks that require mental activity and muscle strength
What will the nurse tell the patient who is taking HCTZ and K+ when nausea develops?
"Hold the K+ until the nausea is over."
"Take the K+ even though you are nauseated to avoid heart problems."
"Decrease the amount of potassium to every other day until you feel better."
"Decrease he amount of diuretic and the amount of K+ by one half for one day."
An older adult is taking furosemide (Lasix). Which special precautions are necessary for this patient? (Check all that apply)
Report new onset of muscle weakness to the prescriber.
Elevated K+ levels may result from this medication.
Instruct the patient to sit on the side of the bed before standing up.
Hearing loss and tinnitus can be associated with the use of furosemide.
Older adults are less sensitive to the effects of furosemide.
A patient taking a drug for benign prostatic hypertrophy is having cataract surgery. Which adverse effect could occur during surgery?
The pupil can dilate excessively.
The iris can collapse towards the surgical site.
The pupil can constrict excessively.
The tear ducts can have diminished functioning.
Before taking medication for benign prostatic hypertrophy, it is most crucial for the patient to undergo assessment for which condition?
Prostate enlargement
Prostate cancer
Erectile dysfunction
A nurse who is pregnant should not handle crushed tablets of dutasteride because of which concern?
Dutasteride could induce premature labor.
Dustasteride can cause pregnancy induced hypertension
The crushed dutasteride tablets release a nauseating odor.
Dutasteride can cause both defects in male fetuses.
These are powerful drugs used to create more regular heart rhythms and there may be many adverse reaction from some of these medications
Antidysrhythmics
Antihyperlipidemic
Diuretics
Antianginal
These are vasodilators and so have a direct action on vascular smooth muscle and cause it to relax.
Calcium channel blockers
Atropine
Nitrates
Prazosin
Calcium is an electrolyte that helps move electrical impulses through:
cell membranes
Cardiac tissue
peripheral tissue
external carotid artery
Rapid acting nitrate such as amyl nitrate, sublingual nitroglycerin, and sublingual or chewable isosorbide dinitrate are used mostly to relieve pain in what:
anginal attacks
acute angina
MI
CHF
There are many common adverse reactions to nitrates (Check all that apply)
Diarrhea
Postural hypotension
Orthostatics
High Blood pressure
Fainting
Vertigo
Periphera vasodilating agents may cause what side effects (Check all that apply)
Headache
Light-headedness
Dysrhythmic medications are classified by the stage at which they affect the cellular action potential: These drugs are sodium channel blockers, they lengthen the effective refractory period of atrial and ventricular myocardium by slowing the fast inward current caused by the sodium electrolyte.
Class 1 drugs
Class 2 drugs
Class 3 drugs
Class 4 drugs
Dysrhythmic medications are classified by the stage at which they affect the cellular action potential: These are beta blockers, such as propranolol, esmolol, and acebutolol, which reduce sympathetic excitation to the heart, these drugs slow the heartbeat but help the heart beat stronger.
Dysrhythmic medications are classified by the stage at which they affect the cellular action potential: These are potassium channel blockers that lengthen he action potential duration, or the length of time it takes for one cell to fire and recover. These drugs also slow the heartbeat and may make it less sensitive to dysrhythmias.
Dysrhythmic medications are classified by the stage at which they affect the cellular action potential: These drugs are calcium channel blockers that selectively bloc the ability of calcium to enter the myocardium and prolong the effective refractory period in the AV node
Class 1 Drugs
What powerful drug slows the conduction through the AV node and decreases how rapidly the SA node will fire.
Adenosine
Quinidine
The MAIN limit to the use of niacin is its adverse effect of what
Liver damage
Gout
Flushing
What medications are often taken in the evening since the body makes higher amounts of cholesterol at night?
Stains
Beta blockers olol
Prils
The patients should take any other medications 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking what type of med?
Antihyperlipidemics
Antihypertensives
Cardiotonics
The first action of these drugs is to increase the strength of each heartbeat or he force of the contraction so this effect of this drug is called a positive inotropic action.
Antihypertensive
Antianginals
The second action of Cardiotonic drugs is
Slow the heartbeat
increase strength of heartbeat
Reduce edema
absorb calcium
When a patient begins to show toxic or harmful reactions from too much digoxin what develops?
Digitalis toxicity
bradycardia
AV node block
excessive fatigue
confusion
yellow-green vision
nausea and vomiting
What are the levels of Digoxin?
0.5-2
7.35-7.45
3.5-5.0
22-26
You take the apical pulse to give Digoxin what would be an OK pulse rate to administer the med? (Check all that apply)
59
60
42
80
120
How long do you take an apical pulse ?
1 minute
30 seconds and times by two
45 seconds
15 seconds and times by 4
Diuretics are classed into four related groups (check all that apply)
Thiazides
Loop
Milrione
Niacin
Thiazide like sulfonamides
Potassium sparing
Thiazides and sulfonamides diuretics are the most commonly used class of diuretics and they have similar actions what are some of those actions: (check all that apply)
They prevent the reabsortion of sodium and chloride
They promote the reabsortion of sodium and chloride
They lead to the loss of large amounts of potassium
They lead to retention of potassium
They prevent the reabsorption of calcium
They promote reabsorption of calcium
What do all ACE inhibitors in with
olol
pril
sartans
statin
When is PRILs not given to a patient?
To a pregnant women
To an elderly post operative patient
A 35 year old athlete
Post CABG patient
To increase volume what is released from the kidneys
Renin
Estrogen
Progestrone
Melatonin
What type medication would you use to stop the progression of the converting enzyme during the renin-angiotensin system from Angiotension1 to Angiiotension 2
Potassium sparing diuretic
Beta blockers
Ace inhibitors
Loop diuretics
Adrenergic inhibitors use what sympathetic nervous system.
Angiotension 2 doesn't have any effect on your volume or blood pressure?
Angiotension 2 tells the adrenal gland to stimulate release of aldosterone.
What is the most common drug used for urinary incontinence?
Ditropan
Flomax
Spironolactone
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is a noncancerous growth of the prostate gland frequently seen as men age; if this gland becomes larger enough, it can cause problems in urination because the prostate puts pressure on the bladder and urinary sphinter. what medication s an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker used only for the treatment of symptoms of BPH.
Furosemide
The nurse is due to administer a dose of cardiotonic drug. The highest priority nursing intervention before administration should be:
count the radial pulse for 60 seconds
assess the respiratory rate
count the apical pulse 60 seconds
assess the temperature
