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What is the filament of the cathode made of and why?
Why is the focusing cup of the cathode negatively charged?
What 3 functions does the anode perfume in an x-ray tube?
Why is the disc or a rotating anode made of tungsten alloyed with rhenium, as opposed to being made solely of tungsten?
What are the 2 principal components of an induction motor?
Define 'image matrix' and 'pixel'
State the function of an image intensifier tube
What is the envelope of the X-ray tube made of?
What is the target of a stationary anode made of?
If you were to alter the target angle, what else would you be altering?
Define fluorescence
What two effects comprise luminescence?
Define quantum mottle
Define radiographic noise
Define the term 'latent image'
Name two advantages to automatic processing over manual processing
What does DICOM stand for and what is it?
Are CR plates more sensitive to scatter radiation than film/screen combinations?
What is the structure of a CR imaging plate?
What are 3 advantages to CR and PACS?
Electrons are released during the exposure, where are they held and for how long are the held there?
What happens to the electron when the laser strikes the phosphor?
What are 5 pieces of accessory equipment you might find in any x-ray room?
What is the purpose of a grid?
Define 'grid ratio'
Define grid frequency
What are 4 types of grids?
Name the material used for the grid lines
Name the material used for the interspace in a grid
Name 1 major disadvantage that accompanies the use of a grid
What advantage do moving grids have over stationary grids?
Name 3 main methods of x-ray tube support
What is the function of the protective housing of the x-ray tube?
What are the two primary parts to the cathode?
Is the cathode the positive or negative side of the x-ray tube?
Name five parts that make up an x-ray tube
What are the 3 methods by which the x-ray tube / anode cools?
Why is the filament considered to be a thermionic device?
For what 3 reasons is tungsten the material of choice for the target?
What 2 things does a rotating anode permit?
What is the target?
What are age 3 main sections of the x-ray imaging system?
Name 2 pieces of accessory equipment you should find in the mobile machines
What are the 3 basic radiation protection principles?
What is justification?
What is optimisation?
What is limitation?
What is the effective dose limit for radiation personnel?
What are the equivalent dose limits for radiation personnel?
What is the dose limit for women who declare themselves pregnant?
What are the equivalent dose limits for non-radiation personnel?
What is the effective dose limit for non-radiation personnel?
Describe radiation personnel
Describe non-radiation personnel
Describe an equivalent dose
Describe an effective dose
You are x-raying a little kid who won't stay still and the mother is pregnant. Who do you get to hold the child?
If you are on mobiles, do you really need to wear a lead gown or could you just rely on the distance principle?
For persons performing general radiography, where should their radiation badge be worn?
What are 3 ways to minimise the need for repeats as stated by CSP5?
What are 5 ways of minimising patient dose as stated by CSP 5?
Why is stricter justification of paediatric x-rays important?
Your paediatric pelvis pt comes into the room with 6 siblings and a mother at her wits end. She will only get your pt undressed to their nappy & ribbed singlet. What will you tell her to persuade her to remove the nappy?
If your attempts of strapping a screaming child to the bed are not successful, what other method can you try and why is it worthwhile?
What 3 features shall an LBD have?
Briefly describe each one.
What 2 things can you say about warning lights on the x-ray control panel?
How thick should a primary barrier be?
How thick should a secondary barrier be?
Without relying on your e.s.p, what is one way of knowing that:
A) a room is used for x-raying patients &
B) x-rays are in process?
If you were put in charge of making exposure charts for the new x-ray room in your dept, what would you use as a guide to ensure patients were not being over-exposed?
What do individual dose limits represent?
How much lead shielding should be placed over a pregnant women’s abdo if her foot is being x-rayed?
What is the permissible focus-skin distance as set by NRL?
What is the minimum permissible FFD for chests and other body part imaging according to CSP5?
If a 17 yr old mum comes in with her 3 month old baby who is having a CXR, can the mother hold her baby if she is definitely not pregnant?
What are 2 of the 4 early effects of radiation on humans?
What are 2 of the 5 late effects of radiation on humans?
What are 3 of the 5 effects of foetal irradiation?
What molecule in the human body is primarily radiosensitive?
What are 3 ways of identifying your patient?
Explain the 3 cardinal rules with regard to radiation protection?
What trimester is considered to be the most radio-sensitive? Why?
Would you say that a tape measure on the machine that lets you measure the FFD could be considered as a tool of radiation protection?
In NZ, who monitors the occupational radiation doses of radiation personnel?
Why is it important that film badges are worn the right way round?
What metal are the filters found inside a film badge generally made of?
Describe a stochastic effect.
Describe a non-stochastic/deterministic effect.
Give an example of a stochastic and non-stochastic effect.
What should the total filtration of the incident primary x-ray beam be?
Explain your obligations with respect to informed consent.
True/False: the use of a compensatory filter reduces the dose to the patient?
Does increasing the kVp increase or decrease the skin dose to the patient?
What function related to CR has the ability to decrease the patient dose?
What ‘bad habit’ is important to monitor with CR as it may increase the dose to the patients?
Bones can be classified into what 4 categories?
Give 2 examples of a short bone and 2 examples of a long bone?
How much movement would you expect from a synarthrodial (fibrous)joint?
How much movement would you expect from an amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) joint?
How much movement would you expect from a diarthrodial (synovial) joint?
Define ‘arthrology’
What level does the vertebra prominens landmark correspond with?
What landmark could be used to locate the stomach, gallbladder or upper abdo?
What level does the inferior costal margin landmark correspond with?
What is the difference between hyposthenic, hypersthenic and sthenic body habitus?
Radiographic anatomy of the chest is divided up into which 3 sections?
Draw or describe the pathway that air travels from the trachea into each lung.
Food and FB’s are more likely to get stuck in which primary bronchus and why?
How many lobes in the left and right lungs?
What 4 radiographically important structures are located within the mediastinum?
What are the 4 types of pneumonia?
What is a pneumothroax?
What does RDS stand for and what is it?
Name 3 occupational lung diseases and comment on each.
What are 3 possible types of pleural effusion?
What is a pleural effusion?
What is pneumonia?
What is chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease COPD and what other abbreviations can be used to describe it?
List 5 pathologies that might be seen on a CXR.
LVF failure Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion Dextra Cardia
Pneumonia Pulmonary oedema
Atelectesis Pleurisy
Bronchitis Emphysema
COPD TB
What is haemoptysis?
What are the 3 parts that constitute the small bowel?
Draw the large bowel to show:
Name 3 accessory organs of digestion located in the abdomen.
What structures make up the urinary system?
What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?
What is ascites?
What is a pneumoperitoneum?
What is intersussception?
What is a volvulus?
Name the carpal bones?
What are the 4 indicators of OA?
Name the tarsal bones?
True/False: the fibular is a weight-bearing bone?
Name the type of osteochondritis that is related to an avulsion # of the tibial tuberosity?
Name the 3 parts to the pelvis.
List the 3 differences between a female and male pelvis.
What 2 pathologies does shenton’s line help to diagnose?
What does SUFE stand for?
What are the 3 parts to the vertebral column?
What is lordosis?
Draw the 9 abdomen quadrants
What is kyphosis?
What is scoliosis?
What is spondylitis?
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Describe spondylolisthesis.
What is spina bifida?
What is osteomyelitis?
