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HUBS192 (GI and Renal + Blood and Acid-Base) Quiz am RUS L35 - 39, erstellt von Mer Scott am 29/09/2017.

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RUS L35 - 39

RUS L35 - 39

Frage 1 von 27

1

Chronic renal failure can cause anaemia.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 27

1

Which of these is an unhealthy glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 22L/hour

  • 150L/day

  • 125mL/min

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about renal blood flow.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It requires high pressure.

  • It is 20-25% of cardiac output.

  • It is at a rate of about 2-2.4L/min.

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 27

1

Wähle von der Dropdown-Liste, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

There are forces which drive glomerular filtration and those that oppose it. The effective filtration pressure is always about ( +10, +20, +30 )mmHg. You can calculate it by adding together the forces that drive filtration (glomerular ( hydrostatic, osmotic ) pressure and capsular ( osmotic, hydrostatic ) pressure) and minusing the forces that oppose filtration (glomerular ( osmotic, hydrostatic ) pressure and capsular ( hydrostatic, osmotic ) pressure). Remember that ( capsular, glomerular ) osmotic pressure is negligible i.e. zero.

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 27

1

Which equation describes renal clearance?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cs = (Us x V) / Ps (clearance of substance is equal to the concentration of the substance in the urine, times the volume of urine per unit time, divided by the concentration of the substance in the plasma)

  • Cs = (Ps x V) / Us (clearance of substance is equal to the concentration of the substance in the plasma, times the volume of urine per unit time, divided by the concentration of the substance in the urine)

  • Cs = (Us / V) x Ps (clearance of substance is equal to the concentration of the substance in the urine, divided by the volume of urine per unit time, times the concentration of the substance in the plasma)

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about glomerular filtration rate(GFR).

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The GFR declines slowly with age.

  • To measure renal clearance we need a molecule that is not reabsorbed, secreted, or metabolised

  • Inulin or creatinine can be used to calculate GFR but inulin is commonly used clinically because it is a waste product of the muscles, whereas creatinine must be injected

  • GFR is fairly normal even if only 'one kidney' is intact. (half of nephrons)

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 27

1

Wähle von der Dropdown-Liste, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

The filtration fraction is the amount of the plasma (non-cellular component of blood—red blood cells are too big) which is filtered through the glomerulus. It can be calculated by ( multiplying, dividing ) the glomerular filtration rate by the renal ( plasma, blood ) flow rate. (The renal plasma flow rate can be taken as ( half, 20-25% ) of the renal blood flow, i.e. if renal blood flow is 1.25L/min, renal plasma flow is ( 625ml, 125ml )/min.)
The equation is then ( FF = GFR x RPF, FF = GFR / RPF ).

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 27

1

The filtered load is the amount of substance filtered per minute. Choose the best equation for filtered load.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • FL = GFR x Ps

  • FL = GFR x Cs

  • FL = Ps / GFR

  • FL = Cs / GFR

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 27

1

Choose all the molecules that are ONLY ever reabsorbed in the nephron's tubules. (In a healthy person.)

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Water

  • Glucose

  • Na+

  • Cl-

  • Ca++

  • dopamine

  • bile salts

  • K+

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 27

1

Which of these molecules can be both secreted and reabsorbed in the nephron's tubules?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • K+

  • NH3

  • H+

  • HCO3

  • urea

  • Na+

  • Water

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 27

1

PAH (p-aminohippurate) is only ever secreted in the nephron, and this secretion is always active.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about the proximal convoluted tubule.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is the site of bulk reabsorption—66% of water, Na+, and Cl- are reabsorbed.

  • All of glucose and amino acids reabsorbed in it.

  • Half of urea is reabsorbed in it.

  • Organic acids and drugs are secreted into it.

  • 90% of HCO3 is reabsorbed in it.

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 27

1

There are 4 sites of Na+ reabsorption:
66% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the .
25% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the .
5% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the .
3% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the .

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

    proximal convoluted tubule
    thick ascending limb
    thin ascending limb
    distal convoluted tubule
    collecting duct
    convoluted duct

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 27

1

Choose the correct statement about transporters.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Na+ is transported by luminal membrane transporters in tight epithelium.

  • Na+ is transported by channels in leaky epithelium.

  • Glucose uses Na+ dependent transporters (SGLT1 or SGLT2) to move into the cell from the filtrate.

  • Glucose uses Na+ dependent transporters, GLUT1 or GLUT 2, to move into the blood out of the cell.

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 27

1

The normal filtered load of glucose should be 0.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 27

1

In leaky epithelium such as the , the water permeability is high. Water can be reabsorbed via the paracellular or transcellular pathway. ADH, aquaporins AQP1 and AQP2 move into the membrane to move water into the cell. AQP3 and AQP4 move water out of the cell.
In tight epithelium such as the , water permeability is low. The only aquaporin used is .

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

    PCT
    collecting duct
    With
    Without
    apical
    basolateral
    AQP2
    AQP1
    AQP3
    AQP4

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 27

1

Wähle von der Dropdown-Liste, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

The loop of Henle in the ( juxtamedullary, cortical ) nephrons is crucial for production of concentrated urine, i.e. it is important for ( reabsorbing, excreting ) the water and NaCl. The thin descending limb removes ( water, naCl ) (i.e. it is leaky) while the thick ascending limb removes ( NaCl, water )(i.e. it is tight).

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 27

1

Which of these are appropriate average values for total body water?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Males - 42L, Females - 38.5L

  • Males - 32L, Females - 28.5L

  • Males - 52L, Females - 48.5L

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 27

1

Typical NaCl concentration in the body (ICF/ECF) is 145mM. This means typical fluid osmolarity is around:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 145mosmol/L

  • 290mosmol/L

  • 72.5mosmol/L

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 27

1

The kidneys are crucial for maintaining body water balance. If a person's water intake was 2400mL in a day, what could be a reasonable value for water excretion contribution by the kidneys?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ~400mL

  • ~2000mL

  • ~1400mL

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 27

1

Reabsorption of water in the PCT is driven by Na+ reabsorption and is isotonic.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 27

1

Primary urine in the PCT is . Due to water reabsorption in the tDLH, it becomes . It turns due to Na+ reabsorption in the TAL, and can become hypertonic again in the during .

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

    isotonic
    hypertonic
    hypotonic
    collecting duct
    DCT
    anti-diuresis
    diuresis

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Water moves to areas of low osmolarity

  • Dehydration increases ECF osmolarity due to water loss, and water moves out of the ICF (shrinks cells)

  • Hyperhydration decreases ECF osmolarity due to water gain, and water moves into the ICF (cells swell)

  • ADH alters the permeability of the collecting duct

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 27

1

With ADH, the collecting duct is relatively permeable to water and 8% of filtered water can be excreted.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about isosmotic losses.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Isosmotic losses can be things like diarrhoea, vomiting, and bleeding

  • No ECF/ICF osmolarity gradient will be produced

  • Volume loss is restricted to ICF

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about isosmotic gains.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Isosmotic gains can be caused by renal failure

  • ECF volume increases

  • Cells will be affected

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 27

1

There are two systems for regulating fluid gains and losses.
An osmotic change (just water loss/gain) will be . This effects cells. It can be corrected with changes, which is a response system.
An isosmotic change will be . This causes changes to blood pressure and volume which the heart can cope with. It can be corrected via , which is a response system.

Klicke und ziehe, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

    spread between the ICF and ECF
    limited to the ECF
    ADH release
    Na+ excretion/retention
    fast
    slow

Erklärung

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