Which of the following are Primary Literature are primary literatures:
Clinical trial
Pharmaceutical research
Educational assessment
Drug references (micromedex,Lexicomp)
Review articles
Clinical practice guidelines
Cohort studies
Pubmed is a tertiary source.
Case series and case reports are
Primary
Tertiary
Secondary
Which of the followings belong to Experimental studies.
Cohort
Educational assesment
Cross-sectional
Case control
Observational studies includes
Prescription drug spending is one of its fastest growing components, increasing at double-digit rates in Health care spending each of the past 7 years.
There are several components to this rapid rise in spending of Prescription drugs:
more prescriptions are being written
prices of existing drugs are rising
higher-priced new drugs are replacing existing drugs
More drug manufactures are on the market.
More Pharmacist students graduated.
IN pre-clinical trial, ____________ is preferred.
Intent to treat
Per-protocol
In clinical trial phase, in order to measure safety and effectiveness, _____________ is preferred.
Per protocol
Literature review should be accurate and balanced in Introduction.
In __________, missing data is filled with the last data
Extreme case analysis.
LOCF.
Complete case analysis.
In ______________, patient in the drug group is being given the worst data while patient in placebo group is being given
Complete case analysis
Extreme case analysis
LOCF
In __________, if data is missing, patient in drug group will be given the best data.
Randomization will limit selection bias.
True
False
Three things to look for regarding to safety.
Adverse effects
Common effects
Number of people drop out due to adverse drug events
Number of patient attend the trial
DCTA is promotional advertising of pharmaceutical products directly to consumers vias:
Facebook
Magazine & newspapers ads
product placement
Web sites & other internet sites.
Referral program.
Trials.
DCTA is defined as good education for patients that doesn't influence providers' prescribing practices.
Pharmaceutical manufacturers use several types of promotions. They are
Detailings (29% of spending)
Sampling (55% of spending)
Direct to consumer (DTC) advertising (14% of spending)
None of these above.
The drugs most heavily promoted to both consumers and physicians are typical drugs that treat acute conditions.
If the FDA approves a drug, it must be safe
If a drug is effective, it works for every one.
If a famous doctor recommends this drug, it must be good
product claims ads definition is
These name a drug and the condition it treats, and talk about both its benefits and risks
They give the drug's name, but not the drug's uses.
These describe a disease or condition, but don't recommend or suggest specific drugs.
Reminder ads definition is
Help-seeking ads definition is
DTCA practices have multiple impacts
Health impact
Economic impact
Image impact
Social life impact
Law impact
DCTA raises concerns by
Increasing OTC drugs' prices
Increasing prescription costs
Misleading statements lead to irractional use and undue risks
Often breaches regulation
Strains on physicians-patient relation
No evidence of health benefits
Decreasing prescription costs
DTC advertising is the primary driver of growth in prescription drug spending
___________ should fairly represent the study design, objective, methods, and result.
Abstract
Introdution
Conclusion
Method
Literature review should be accurate and balanced in ______
Introduction
Evaluation
In Method, the design of method should
Show safety
Address study objective
Allow for support or rejection of null hypothesis
Use appropriate analysis (intent to treat or per-protocol)
Not address study objective
only use per-protocol approach
