GnIH means what?
Gonadotropin Inducing Hormone
Gonadotropin Inhibitory Hormone
Gonadotropin Inhibitory Hormone (GnIH) first discovered in 2000 in what model?
Birds
Mice
Fish
Salamanders
What does GnIH appear to be the “signaller” for in humans?
Stress-related suppression of reproduction
Menopause
Puberty
Pregnancy-induced placentation changes
GnIH is also called:
RFamide-Related Peptide-3
FRamide-Related Peptide-3
RFamide-Related Peptide-1
FRamide-Related Peptide-1
True or false: GnIH has been found within the NERVOUS SYSTEMS of animals with all major phyla.
GnIH is:
Usually released into the portal system, but not in some animals (rats, mice).
Released into the portal system, but only in some animals (rats, mice).
A major similarity between organisms is that GnIH is always localised in the:
Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
Dorsomedial nucleus of the hippocampus
Dorsal horn of the hypothalamus
Dorsal horn of the hippocampus
True or false: A major similarity between organisms is that GnIH neurons project to GnRH cells in all mammalian species studied.
True or false: A major similarity between organisms is that GnIH neurons project into the neurosecretory zone of the median eminence in all mammalian species studied.
Advantages of using LAB AND DOMESTICATED animals as models include: (select all that apply)
Well-adapted to labs
Detailed knowledge of genetic background
Transgenic manipulation allows specific focus
Short generation time (longitudinal studies simple and comprehensive)
An example of a “Wild” species used as a model is the Tree shrew. What is it used to model?
PTSD
Alzheimer’s
Cystic Fibrosis
Developmental disorders
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is characterised by progressive loss of cholinergic neurons projecting from the basal forebrain to which areas: (select all that apply)
Cortical
Hippocampal
Hypothalamic
The two main histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are: (select the two that apply)
Extracellular senile plaques containing amyloid-beta (Aβ) which is formed after sequential cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by the catalytic activity of β-secretases and γ-secretases
Intracellular Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs)
True or false: A disadvantage of using transgenic models of AD is that many are “icon” species and therefore politically unsuitable.
Which of the following wild animals could be candidates as AD models? (but aren’t because of reasons) (select all that apply)
Wolverines
Dolphins
Polar Bears
Tasmanian Tigers
Tasmanian Devils
The best [non-transgenic, anyway] model for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the:
Degu (Octodon degus)
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)
Naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber)
Domestic dog (Canis familiaris)
Fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata)
What age do Degus start presenting Alzheimer’s symptoms?
~3-4 years
~4-5 years
~5-6 years
~6-7 years