Medicince Priniciples - Immunology

What are the cell mediated aspects of the immune system?

What are the four Humoral mediated aspects of the immune system?

What are the three main cells involved in mediating an allergic response?

Explain the function of all Phagocytes.

How abundant are Macrophages and where do they migrate to?

What do macrophages do and what are they involved in?

What do neutrophils do and how abundant are they?

Where are dendritic cells found in both 'immature' and 'mature' states and what is their role?

Where are Mast Cells found and what do they do?

Where are Basophils and Eosinophils founds and what is their role?

Explain how Mast Cells, Basophils and Eosinophils work in mediating an allergic response.

What is the main role of B cells?

What are the two types of T cells and what are their roles?

What are NK cells and what are their roles?

What are antibodies and antigens and what do they do?

Explain the complement system i.e.
How many?
Where produced?
Role?

What are cytokines, when are they produced and what do they do?

What is the function of an interferon?

What is the function of Tumour Necrosis Factor a (TNFa)

What is the function of a Chemokine?

What is the function of an Interleukin?

Where are acute phase proteins produced?

What are the three functions of Acute Phase Proteins?

What is the innate immune system and how rapid is its response?

What are the two distinct methods of communication in the innate immune system?

What are the 4 cells of the innate immune system that are used in response to pathogens?

What are the three phases of the innate immune system in response to a pathogen?

Explain the recognition phase.

Name the four Pattern-recognition receptors to their matching PAMPs.

What do macrophages produce when they engulf apoptotic bodies?

Define and explain "Macrophage Power" and how it is increased.

What do mast cells produce and how do they identify pathogens?

What three* pro-inflammatory mediators do Macrophages, Mast cells and NK cells produce.

What do Nitric Oxide, Prostaglandins and Histamines cause in the body?

What do Cytokines cause in the body?

What do Chemokines cause in the body?

Name the three killing methods of Neutrophils.

What is phagocytosis and how exactly does it work?

What is Degranulation and how does it work?

What are NETs and how do they work?

What can occur as a result of increased levels of TNFa?

What are the three complement pathways?

What is inactive C3 cleaved into?

What is opsonisation and what is an example of an oponin?

What are C3a and C5a known as and what do they do?

Name four examples of Secondary Lymphatic tissue.

What is the adaptive immune system and how quick is the response?

What are the cells that need to be able to:
Recognise
Find
Activate
and Respond
to a pathogen?

Why is the adaptive immune system so slow?

How many antigenic epitopes can T and B Cells bind to?

Each heavy and light chain region on a B cell has a variable and constant region. What are the 5 different antibodies and their heavy chains.

Where are Mature Dendritic cells, pathogens, antigens and debris trapped?

How do T and B cells enter 2nd Lymphoid tissues?

What are the two signals that B Cells require to be activated?

T cells can only recognise antigens presented by __________?

What are the two classes of MHC and where are they expressed?

CD8+ and CD4+ are proteins expressed to what cells respectively?

What can active B cells differentiate into?

What is IgG?
How abundant is it?
What can it do?

What is IgA?
How abundant is it?
What can it do?

What is IgD?
How abundant is it?
What can it do?

What is IgE?
How abundant is it?
What can it do?

What is IgM?
How abundant is it?
What can it do?

How do antibodies activate the complement pathway?

How do phagocytes bind to opsonised pathogens?

What are memory cells and when are they produced?