PS 280- (6) Mood Disorders

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Mood disorders: Depressive Disorders:

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Bipolar Disorder:

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(A) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (MDD): Young ( children, adults, youths ) only
-severe & frequent ( temper tantrums, feelings of sadness, feelings of pain, feelings of anger ) interfere with ability to function at home, school, with friends
-usually more likely to develop problems with depression or anxiety in adulthood
Symptoms include:
-severe temper outbursts at least 3 times a week
-sad, irritable, or angry mood almost everyday
-reaction is bigger than expected
-child must be at least ( 6, 5, 7, 3 ) years old
-symptoms begin before age 10
-symptoms are present for at least ( 1, 2, 3, 6 months ) year
-child has trouble functioning in more than 1 place

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(B) Major Disorder (MDD):
5 + symptoms in a 2 week period
1. reports of feeling depressed or sad most of day
2. loss of or ability to derive pleasure
3. significant weight loss (appetite)
4. difficulty
5. slowed down or agitated throughout day
6. feeling fatigued or a loss of energy
7. feelings of worthlessness (guilt)
8. difficulties concentrating
9. thoughts of death or

significant distress or impairment in functioning

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Prevalence of MDD

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Risk factors for MDD:
❌ (initial onset more common among younger adults)
❌
❌ Status (separated, divorced, higher risk)
Aboriginal Status
*❌ (15-64 yrs old female > male)

Age

ses

old age

SES

age

marriage

Marital

indian

Gender

aboriginal

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( Seasonal, Situational, Seasons ) Affective Disorder (SAD):
female > male ; young adults
Symptoms:
-increased ( appetite, decreased appetite, feelings of worthiness )
-weight gain
-greater need for sleep

WHY:
-biological rhythm disturbances (melatonin)
-serotonin ( deficiencies, increases, levels higher )

Treatment: ( phototherapy, talk therapy, hypnotism ) (60-90% will respond)

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(C) ( Persistent, Seasonal, Predictable ) Depressive Disorder:
-less severe + more chronic
Symptoms:
-change in appetite
-not enjoying things previously enjoyed
-sleep disturbances
-loss of concentration
-persists for at least ( 2, 1, 3, 4 ) years

*both dysthymia & MDD at same time is possible

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Diagnostic Criteria for Manic Episode:

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Diagnostic Criteria for Hypo-manic Episode:

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Disorder:
-rare to experience episode of mania without accompanying depression at some point in life
-depressions last longer than the manic episode
-between episodes, may have mood, or may have periods of dysthymic symptoms
-Less common vs MDD- female= male
*Specifier- rapid cycling- 2+ full cycles of mania & depression in 1 year
Note- respond well to medications

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what is Cyclothymic Disorder?

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( Etiology, beginning, start, variables ) of Bipolar Disorder:
-interaction of social, biological, psychological variables

Stress & mood disorders:
-life stress, loss of some kind
-most cases of MDD are preceded by stressful ( life event, people in their lives, coping strategies )
-psychodynamic perspectives (anger turned upwards)

Coping Styles & Social Support:
-may act as buffers

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in terms of the humanistic perspective, depression may result from the inability to find meaning & purpose in one's life

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Aaron Beck:
-negative & expectations ("Im not good enough")
-cognitive distortions
-distorted
-negative view of: oneself, environment, future
-learned helplessness/ lessness

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Biological Models:
(A) ( Genetic, Biological, Cognitive ) Evidence:
-depression & bipolar run in ( families, blood, DNA )
-family studies: the closer genetic relationship

Genetic contribution is stronger for bipolar vs. depressive

(B) Biochemical Factors & Brain Abnormalities:
-cause or effect?
Catechloamine Ho: non-functioning NE or DA
-depression- receptors too few or insensitive
support= anti-depressants boost NE work

Prefrontal cortex: lower metabolic activity--> lower motivation

limbic system abnormalities:
-( hippocampus, Amygdala, Pre-frontal Cortex ): lower metabolic activity: higher levels of cortisol
-( amygdala, Hippocampus, frontal lobe ): enlarged

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Psychological Treatment:

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90% of those who complete suicide are mentally ill at the time of their death
over 70% are clinically depressed
as many as 75% of adolescents suicides had a mood disorder

Psychology

PS 280- (6) Mood Disorders

Mood disorders: Depressive Disorders:

Bipolar Disorder:

Prevalence of MDD

Risk factors for MDD: *❌ (initial onset more common among younger adults) *❌ *❌ Status (separated, divorced, higher risk) *Aboriginal Status *❌ (15-64 yrs old female > male)

Diagnostic Criteria for Manic Episode:

Diagnostic Criteria for Hypo-manic Episode:

what is Cyclothymic Disorder?

in terms of the humanistic perspective, depression may result from the inability to find meaning & purpose in one's life

Aaron Beck: -negative & expectations ("Im not good enough") -cognitive distortions -distorted -negative view of: oneself, environment, future -learned helplessness/ lessness

Psychological Treatment:

90% of those who complete suicide are mentally ill at the time of their death over 70% are clinically depressed as many as 75% of adolescents suicides had a mood disorder

Risk factors for MDD:
❌ (initial onset more common among younger adults)
❌
❌ Status (separated, divorced, higher risk)
Aboriginal Status
*❌ (15-64 yrs old female > male)

Aaron Beck:
-negative & expectations ("Im not good enough")
-cognitive distortions
-distorted
-negative view of: oneself, environment, future
-learned helplessness/ lessness

90% of those who complete suicide are mentally ill at the time of their death
over 70% are clinically depressed
as many as 75% of adolescents suicides had a mood disorder