2. Context - What is The Reformation? *See p. 646, 692-4

The Pope rule is challenged by Martin Luther who stresses individual faith instead of praying through a chain of people to get to God.
Protestantism - "Protesting" some Catholic beliefs. It originated with the Protestant Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. (p. 693)
Iconoclasm - Destruction of religious images. (p. 693)
Religion effects where an artist lives and who buys art.
"The years of political and religious strife had a grave impact on artists and art. Some artists found their careers at an end because of their reformist religious sympathies. Then, as Protestantim gained ascendancy, it was Catholic artists who had to leave their homes to seek patronage abroad. There was also widespread destruction of religious art. In some places, Protestant zealots smashed sculpture and stained-glass windows and destroyed or whitewashed religious paintings to rid churches of what they considered idols - though Luther himself never directly supported iconoclasm. With the sudden loss of patronage for religious art in the newly Protestant lands, many artists turned to portraiture and other secular subjects, including moralizing depiction of human folly and weakness, still lifes, and landscapes. The popularity of these themes stimulated the burgeoning of a free arr market centered in Antwerp." (page 693-4)
After the Reformation artists started painting non-religious themes and subject matter.

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Chapter 22: Sixteenth-Century Art in Northern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula

Quiz Prep - Spain