Project Management Final CH 1-10

Identify the example that would not usually be considered a project.

According to the authors, the prime objectives of project management are

In a conventional project lifecycle, as work progresses, uncertainty about the expected outcome should

The attributes that characterize a project are

The "stretched-5" pattern observed during the project lifecycle, for the most part, is a result of the

The desired outcomes or results of a project are called

Earned value is based on the concept that the percentage of project completion is closely correlated with

Which of the following is not one of the four dimensions of project success?

The project to construct a highway is unique because

Projects often interact with other projects being carried out simultaneously within the organization and these interactions take the form of competition for scarce resources between project. This is an example of project

When done properly, project management begins with

The chance that project processes or outcomes will not turn out as planned is called

Having only partial or no information about the situation or outcomes is called

Relations between organizational functions, where one function or task is dependent on others, are known as

The of the project team is a crucial but unstated element of ancillary trade-
offs that the project manager must consider.

The project is generally credited with beginning the era of modern project
management

is a subset of a project consisting of work packages

Projects are bound by the three objectives of scope, time, and cost. These are collectively referred to as the

Individuals or groups with a special interest in a project are called

The production of weekly employment reports or the delivery of mail could be considered a

Which of the following demonstrates the quality of flexibility required of a project selection model?

The two basic types of project selection models identified in the text are

If a system is being updated due to operating necessity, the project was selected because

The drawback of the ___________ model is that it fails to consider cash flows obtained once the initial investment has been recovered.

If the NPV for a project is < 0, it indicates that the project will

Scoring models are most often used to overcome this disadvantage of profitability models.

Firms usually have two or more projects and this collection of projects is referred to as

A technique useful for developing numeric values that are equivalent to subjective, verbal measures of relative value is the

Which of the following is a type of numeric model?

The _________ is the value of an opportunity foregone

The _________ is the interest rate set by an organization as the minimum acceptable rate of return for a project

In a project portfolio, _______________ projects have objectives or deliverables that are only
incrementally different in both product and process from existing offerings.

In a project portfolio, a project that involves a new technology or even a disruptive technology that is known to the industry would serve as an example of a project

The set of documents submitted when evaluating a project is referred to as the

When the decision maker's information is not complete, he/she will have to make a decision under conditions of

The discounted cash flow method determines the net present value of all cash flows by discounting them by the

Financial forecasts are reported as __________ financial statements.

A project selection criteria that focuses on how well new products would fit the firm's existing product line would be

According to research by Sanchez and Robert (2010), which of the following is not a reason why strategic benefits may be difficult to appraise?

________ is a modeling technique for emulating a process, usually conducted a
considerable number of times to understand the process better and measure its outcomes under different policies.

According to the authors, the analytic method, when applied to systems, focuses on

The ideal project manager should be

The project manager must make trade-offs between project progress and process. Conceptually, this involves trade-offs between the _______ functions.

According to the authors the project manager should be more skilled at

The project manager needs _______ credibility.

Projects are conducted in four important environments. They are

According to the authors, the key to coping with uncertainty at the end of a project (a common obstacle for project managers) is

During the buildup phase, the project goals, in order of importance, are

Resources initially budgeted for a project are frequently _________ for the task, partly because of natural optimism by the proposer about how many resources are needed.

Most of the time spent by a project manager is spent

11. The functional manager uses the ________ approach and the PM uses the ________ approach

The project manager's responsibility to the project and to the client is met by ensuring that the _______ of the project is preserved in spite of conflicting demands made by stakeholders.

During the final or phaseout stage of the project lifecycle, ___________ is the dominant goal of many project managers.

The structure of a society is determined by its

Which of the following is not a phase in the Tuckman ladder?

The _________ is a person who spearheads an idea or action and sells it throughout the organization.

The ______________ is an alternative action if the expected result fails to materialize.

The __________ represents everything outside the system that delivers inputs or
receives outputs from the system.

The __________ is the "corporate culture" within the organization, or even within the
project

The project manager makes a ___________ by allowing one aspect of the project to get
worse in return for allowing another aspect of the project to get better.

A party to a conflict will usually be satisfied when the level of frustration has been

Most of the conflicts that involve the organization and outsiders have to do with

During project formation, the organizational structure selected will have a major impact on the ways in which conflicts are handled. Lack of clarity about the relative power/influence/authority of the PM and the functional managers is a major component of all conflicts involving

If a resource conflict arises between two high-priority projects, precedence is typically given to the project with the

During project build-up, the project should move from a general concept to

During project build-up, if the project is independent and standalone, the project manager seeks a commitment of __________ from the functional departments.

During project build-up, if the project is functionally tied down, the project manager seeks a commitment of _________ from the functional departments.

Personality conflicts during project phase-out are often caused by

According to the authors, the nature of negotiation as it applies to project management is the realization that few of the conflicts arising in projects have to do with

When dealing with conflict between parties, it is recommended that one _______ in order to avoid the conflict becoming interpersonal.

Partnering is an attempt to _________ the risk associated with sub-contracting.

_________ is the process which begins when one party perceives that the other has frustrated, or is about to frustrate, some concern of his.

According to the authors, the favored technique for resolving conflict is

The process through which two or more parties seek an acceptable rate of exchange for items they own or control is called

During the early program phases of the project lifecycle, Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to

During the main program phases of the project lifecycle, Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to

Toward the end of the project lifecycle, Thamhain et at say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to

Negotiating to a(n) __________ solution is the key to conflict resolution in project management.

The total level of conflict in the project lifecycle is highest during the _________ stage

The ___________ approach to negotiation aims to achieve a win-win result.

If the project manager controls when and what people do while the functional managers control who will be assigned to the project and what technology will be used, the ______organizational form is probably being used.

In the systems approach to design, one organization would have to take responsibility for

The process of dealing with uncertainties in projects that may affect the project for better or for worse has come to be known as

A common objective of an organization's PM is often created by organizations to

A major purpose of the project management office should be to serve as

This member of the project team is in charge of product design and development and is responsible for functional analysis, specifications, drawings, cost estimates, quality/reliability, engineering changes, and documentation

This member of the project team is responsible for the efficient production of the product of the process, including the manufacturing engineering, design and production of tooling, production scheduling, and other production tasks

This person is responsible for the installation, testing, and support of the product (process) once its engineering is complete.

One of the main technical problems faced by the project manager is meeting ________ without compromising performance.

A major advantage of using a _________ placement for a project is that individual
experts can be utilized by many different projects.

Virtual teams, when composed, should consist of "boundary spanners" who number about one in every _________ team members

When a firm engages in a large number of similar projects, the ___________ organizational form is apt to be preferred.

When the standard departments of the organization represent individual disciplines such as engineering, marketing, purchasing, and so on, the organization follows

The firm or organization within which the project is being conducted is known as the

______________ engineering refers to the use of a design team that includes design and manufacturing engineers as well as staff from other relevant areas of the business.

The _________ is a basic project document that describes all the work that must be done to complete the project and forms the basis for costing, scheduling, and work

The approach to organizing that includes both functions (disciplines) and projects in its hierarchy is known as the

This person's task is the efficient production of the product or process the project engineer has designed, including responsibility for manufacturing engineering, design and production of code, unit testing, production scheduling, and other production tasks.

TQM and Six Sigma are good examples of ____________ programs

If both functional and projectized divisions coexist in a firm, this would result in the __________ organizational structure.

The _________ is a specialized view of the action plan that focuses on who has what
responsibility for each project task.

The success of the project launch meeting is dependent on the existence of

This project plan element describes both the managerial and the technical approaches to the work. The technical discussion describes the relationship of the project to available technologies.

This project plan element should include profit and competitive goals as well as technical goals.

The _______ of a project includes the objectives of the project as well as the time and cost required to complete the project to the customer's satisfaction.

RACI stands for

The set of physical elements required to build a project is called the

___________ is an approach that breaks the planning task down into the activities that must be done in each managerial level of the organization. Typically, the upper level sets the objectives for the next lower level.

The major tool that a project manager uses during the planning phase is called the

___________is the tendency for the project objectives to be changed with little or no discussion with other parties actively engaged in the project

_______________ is a visual approach that closely mirrors how the human brain records and stores information that can help tap the creative potential of the entire project team

When using a WBS, all of the work should roll up to the next level such that no extra work is required. This is referred to as the

For projects that are constantly changing, the __________ methodology is recommended

Having key stakeholders involved early in the project tends to

When using the mind mapping process, you should designate one team member as the ___________ to ensure that all team members are involved and contributing, and to ensure that team members are focusing on the work that must be done.

A useful tool for facilitating the management of changes to a project's scope is the

A project manager must ___________ as a type of risk response planning in order to soften the danger of a threat by reducing the likelihood that it will occur or by reducing its impact if it does occur.

The ____________ is a list of the project activities with major activities broken down into subactivities.

The process of coordinating the work and timing of the different groups working on multidisciplinary teams is called

This element of the project plan contains a brief description of the procedure to be followed in monitoring, collecting, storing, and evaluating the history of the project

If a project budget is under funded, it will often

The project's budget should

In order to develop a budget, the PM must forecast

A work element whose cost is fully developed would

The traditional organizational budget is

__________ budgeting allows income and expenditures to be aggregated across projects.

The authors identify ____________ estimation errors as the two types of generic estimation errors.

The pattern of deviations in cost and usage used for exception reporting to management is called

___________ costs vary with output.

Unless the project manager is familiar with the firm's ______________ it will be very difficult to exercise budget control.

The __________ form of budgeting has the advantage of using individuals closer to the work to provide estimates of resource requirements.

The ___________ charge is composed of the costs of senior management, the various data functions, and any other expenses not included in overhead. Often, these charges are a fixed percentage of either the direct costs or the total of all direct and indirect costs.

Each time the output doubles, the worker hours per unit decrease to a fixed percentage of their previous value. That percentage is called the ___________ rate.

Suppose that a person requires 60 minutes to complete a work element on the first attempt. On the second attempt, the work element is completed in 48 minutes. The learning rate for this person is _________% for this work element

_____________ relies on well-known statistical correlations between various factors such as the total cost of a house relative to the square feet of living area.

A budget strategy that is based on collecting the judgments and experiences of top and middle managers is referred to as the ___________ approach or method.

________________ are where the defined responses to the risks are detailed, but their amounts are not
yet precisely known.

Unknown-unknowns are not part of the baseline budget and are referred to as

The advantage of the ____________ process is that it is generally associated with participative management

______________ issues are present when bidders "low-ball" a bid or when some bidders get a "last look."

The authors recommend preparing a schedule for each

In the AOA network, circles depict

The shortest time in which the entire network can be completed is referred to as the

A precedence relationship where the completion of a successor activity depends on the completion of a predecessor activity is called a

A precedent relationship where the completion of a predecessor activity depends on the initiation of a successor activity is called a

The difference between the late start and early start for an activity is called its

A(n) __________ is the conversion of the project work breakdown structure into an operating timetable.

A(n) _________ is a specific task or set of tasks that are required by the project, use up resources, and take time to complete

The arrangement of all activities (and, in some cases, events) in a project arrayed in their logical sequence and represented by arcs and nodes is called a

In a network, if the delay of an activity will delay completion of the project, the activity is called a(n)

In AOA networks, an activity of zero duration is called a(n)

The _____________ chart shows planned and actual progress for a number of tasks displayed against a horizontal timescale.

A clearly identifiable point in a project or set of activities that commonly denotes a reporting requirement or completion of a large or important set of activities is called a(n)

In AON diagrams, a(n) ________________ is a point where one or more lines (arrows) begin or terminate, commonly used for depicting an event or activity.

______________ is the amount of one factor that must be sacrificed in order to achieve more or less of another factor.

A _____________ is a combination of interrelated activities and events depicted with arcs and nodes.

____________ law suggests that work expands to fill the allotted time.

In application, PERT has primarily been used for

The authors define _________ as the time an activity can be delayed without affecting the start time of any successor activity

__________ is one possible way to check the nature and impacts of interactions between probabilistic paths in a network.

If deterministic time estimates are used, and if project deadlines are firm, there is a high likelihood that it will

Assume two activities, printing and binding. Printing is a predecessor of binding. If printing is _______, then binding will start late by whatever amount of lateness is bequeathed to it by printing.

________ aims to minimize the period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances. The purpose is to create a smoother distribution of resource usage.

A project task is said to be __________ if it requires a fixed amount of time and known quantities of resources

One of the problems that Goldratt observed was that if an activity has slack time, the task might become delayed until the slack is removed. This is referred to as

The points between the extreme points of the relationship between time use and resource use represent

The _________ technique overlaps the design and build phases of a project to expedite its completion.

Most heuristic solution methods start with the _____________ and analyze resource usage period by period, resource by resource.

The use of ______________ activity time estimates may reduce the chance that crashing the
project will be needed.

The standard practice with AOA and AON is to estimate activity times under the assumption of resource loadings that are

With respect to project scheduling, __________ is the amount of work waiting to be processed because there is a shortage of some resource.

If the appropriate scheduling equation for task A of a project were W = D * U, and it was initialized so that W = 40d, D = 10d, and U = 4 resources, and task A is an effort-driven activity, correctly balance this equation if the value for U is changed from 4 to 5. To balance the equation, the altered variable and its new value are

The principal reason why a project manager is surprised by resource constraints on a project is the failure to include _________ in risk identification activities.

Which of the following describes a situation where priorities are assigned to activities according to some rule not associated with task length, slack, or resource requirements?

The two fundamental approaches to constrained allocation problems are

When crashing a project, our first task is to develop

In some situations, two activities are scheduled to be carried out in parallel and using the same scarce resource. If the supply of the scarce resource is not sufficient to allow both activities to be carried out simultaneously, then whichever of the two is given priority immediately lengthens the other activity's path but not its actual

The two principles to follow when crashing a project focuses on the

Using Goldratt's meaning of the word "dependent," the activities of a project can be ordered into paths based on their resource dependencies as well as on their technological precedence requirements. The longest of these paths of sequentially time-dependent activities is known as the