Which of the following pathways occurs in the cytosol?
Glycolysis
Breakdown of pyruvate to an acetyl group
citric acid cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
all of the above
The net products of glycolysis are
6 CO2, 4 ATP, and 2 NADH
2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 NADH
2 pyruvate, 2 GTP, 2 CO2
2 CO2, 2 ATP, glucose
During glycolysis, ATP is produced by
substrate level phosphorylation
redox reactions
both a and b
Which organic molecule supplies a two-carbon group to start the citric acid cycle?
ATP
NADH
acetyl CoA
oxaloacetate
The ability to diagnose tumors using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is based on the phenomenon that most types of cancer cells exhibit higher levels of
glycolysis
pyruvate breakdown
citric acid metabolism
In the experiment of Racker and Stoeckenius, bacteriorhodopsin was oriented in such a way that it pumped H+ into a vesicle. Each vesicle actually contained many molecules of bacteriorhodopsin. How would the results have been affected if 50% of the bacteriorhodopsin molecules pumped H+into the vesicle and 50% pumped H+ out of the vesicles?
The same amount fo ATP would be made in the presence of light, and no ATP would be made in the dark.
More ATP would be made in the presence of light, and no ATP would be made in the dark.
No ATP would be made in the presence of light, and no ATP would be made in the dark
No ATP would be made in the presence of light, but some ATP would be made in the dark.
Some ATP would be made in both light and dark
Certain drugs act as ionophores that cause the mitochondrial membrane to be highly permeable to H+. How would such drugs affect oxidative phosphorylation?
Movement of electrons down the ETC would be inhibited
ATP synthesis would be inhibited
ATP synthesis would be unaffected
ATP synthesis would be stimulated
Both a and b are correct
The source of energy that directly drives the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation is the
oxidation of NADH
oxidation of glucose
oxidation of pyruvate
H+ gradient
reduction of O2
Compared with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, a key difference of anaerobic respiration in bacteria is that
more ATP is made
ATP is made only via substrate-level phosphorylation
O2 is converted into H2O2 rather than H2O.
something other than O2 acts as the final electron acceptor of the ETC.
b and d
When muscle becomes anaerobic during strenuous exercise, why is it necessary to convert pyruvate to lactate?
to decrease NAD+ and increase NADH
to decrease NADH and increase NAD+
to increase NADH and increase NAD+
to decrease NADH and decrease NAD+
to keep oxidative phosphorylation running
