Semester 1 Study Guide

Duckweed is a plant that grows on the surface of ponds. Duckweed has leaf-like structures called fronds. A student conducts a lab investigation on duckweed growth and creates a graph shown above.
​Which of these is a valid conclusion based on the data from this investigation?

• The number of fronds more than doubled between Days 1 & 4.

• The number of fronds increased quickly because the plant has a short life span

• The number of fronds in related to the number of sunlight hours each day.

• The number of fronds increased at a constant rate between Days 1 & 2.

The graph below shows the percent of seeds from two plant species that sprout when grown in water containing different amounts of salt.
​Which of the following best summarizes the effect of saltwater on these plant species?

• Species 1 can sprout only in freshwater, and Species 2 can sprout only in salt water.

• Both species can sprout in freshwater and saltwater, but Species 2 can sprout in higher salt concentration than Species 1.

• Both species need salt in their water, but Species 2 needs more salt than Species 1.

• Species 1 can sprout only in water with a low salt concentration, but Species 2 is not affected by the salt concentration.

John has three liquid-filled containers. He wants to know if all three contain the same substance. He conducted an experiment by adding powder to each container. The powder produced bubbles in container A, but not in containers B and C. ​What can John infer from the bubbles?

• Liquids A & B are NOT the same because A formed bubbles while B did not.

• Liquids A & C are the same because they both did not form any bubbles.

• Liquids B & C are the same because they both formed bubbles.

• None of the liquids are the same

Sarah’s class collected water density samples from the Gulf of Mexico today as an experiment.
​​According to the measurements, which group’s data is most accurate?

• group 1 because their average is accurate while all other group's averages are not accurate.

• group 3 because their average is closest in number to their three collections.

• group 2 because their average is closest in number to their three collections.

• group 4 because their average is accurate while all other group's averages are not accurate.

Sarah designed an experiment to find out which mouthwash was most effective against some bacteria. She cut out four different circles from a paper towel and soaked each circle in a different mouthwash. She put the circles on a nutrient agar-coated petri dish that was covered with bacteria commonly found in the mouth. She then incubated the plate for 24 hours. The picture below shows the results of the test.
​Which of the following should Sarah do to improve her experiment?

• Use the same size paper circles for all mouthwashes

• Use the same type of mouthwash on each paper circle

• Use different kinds of bacteria

• Use a smaller Petri dish

The Hertzprung-Russell diagram below shows how the brightness, surface temperature, and color of stars are related.​
Which of these observations of Barnard’s Star is most likely accurate?

• Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature below 3,800 K and is red.

• Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature above 3,800 K, and is red.

• Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature below 5,300 K, and is yellow.

• Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature above 5,300 K, and is yellow.

The chart below lists information on four stars within our galaxy in relation to us on Earth.
​​According to this data, which star actually IS the brightest in the list?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Which of the following displays the greatest red shift?

Chlorophyll is the primary photosynthetic pigment in plants. There are two types: chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. A scientist tests the absorbance of all wavelengths of visible light by these pigments and records the results in this graph.
​​What evidence would help the scientist to explain why most plants are green?

• Green light has a wavelength of approximately 530nm, which both chlorophyll a & b absorb strongly.

• Green light as a wavelength of approximately 530nm, which both chlorophyll a & b do not absorb.

• Green light has a wavelength of approximately 650 nm, which chlorophyll a absorbs strongly, but chlorophyll b does not.

• Green light has a wavelength of approximately 650 nm, which chlorophyll b absorbs strongly, but chlorophyll a does not.

The drawings below represent four different forms of electromagnetic energy.
​Which diagram represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength?

What kind of weather can you predict for Kansas City today?

• Severe thunderstorms followed by clear skies and colder temperatures

• Severe weather followed by cloudy skies and warmer temperatures

• Light rain followed by clear skies and warmer temperatures

• Rain for several days followed by cooler temperatures

What type of weather should be predicted for New Orleans in the near future?

• Rain for several days followed by warmer temperatures

• Severe thunderstorms followed by clear skies and colder temperatures

• Rain for several days followed by cooler temperatures

• Light rain followed by cloudy skies and warmer temperatures

What type of weather should be predicted for Jacksonville, FL today?

• Light rain followed by cloudy skies and cooler temperatures

• Severe thunderstorms followed by clear skies and colder temperatures

• Light rain followed by cloudy skies and warmer temperatures

• Partly cloudy to clear skies and cooler temperatures

According to the map, which state should expect the lowest temperatures?

• Tennessee

• New Mexico

• California

• South Dakota

Which prediction best describes the hurricane’s movement from Friday to Sunday?

• The cold arctic air will carry the hurricane to Europe.

• The cold arctic air will force the hurricane back to West Africa.

• The cold arctic air will weaken the hurricane before it hits land.

• The jet stream will move the hurricane to Europe.

The map shows the predicted range of location of a hurricane over a 3-day period and a 5-day period. What is likely to happen with the hurricane during the 4–5 day track?

• Hurricane force winds will hit Mississippi sometime Friday morning.

• Hurricane force winds will hit Mississippi sometime Wednesday evening.

• The hurricane will make landfall on Wednesday evening, losing energy as it moves north across Mississippi.

• The hurricane will become wider as it moves across Mississippi, so that by Friday it will cover the entire state.

According to the diagram, how many hours of sunlight will the South Pole have on Earth B?

• 12

• 24

• 0

• 6

The following diagram shows a cross-section of Earth. Which letter represents the location of the asthenosphere?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Using the diagram below, what type of plate boundary is shown at B?

• Convergent

• Divergent

• Transform

• Constructive

In which of the following images are the layer of Earth correctly labeled?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Which of the following best describes why the volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean area are clustered around the Ring of Fire?

• It is because of random chance.

• The coasts of the Pacific Ocean are especially vulnerable to volcanic activity.

• The heavy weight of ocean water presses upon the Pacific plate, forcing magma to rise to the surface.

• The Pacific plate meets the continental plates, allowing magma to rise to the surface.

​At which location would earthquakes be least likely to occur?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Which location in the diagram represents a subduction zone (AKA subducting plate)?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Which location in the diagram represents a convergent plate boundary?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Which location in the diagram represents a divergent plate boundary?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

The two maps below show the change in position of South America and Africa over the last 65 million years. Which of the following best describes the process that caused this outcome?

• There is a convergent plate boundary between South America and Africa causing them to spread apart.

• There is a divergent plate boundary between South America and Africa causing them to spread apart.

• There is a divergent plate boundary between South America and Africa causing them to come together.

• There is a transform plate boundary between South America and Africa causing them to spread apart.

The diagram below shows a microscope view of a unicellular organism. Four cell structures are labeled.
​
​Which statement about the labeled structures is correct?

• They normally can be seen without magnification

• They can survive outside the cell

• They help carry on life activities within the cell

• They cause disease within the cell