Carbohydrates I

What are Oligosaccharides?

Why are carbohydrates sweet?

What are the two families of carbohydrates?

What is the general formula for the number of chiral centres a molecules can have?

What are the main conformation of carbs? How can you identify this conformation?

Compare Aldoses and Ketoses (8)

Draw the structure of an aldose

Draw D-Glucose and two of its epimers, explaining what an epimer is

How can you identify a reducing sugar?

How does the sugar form a COOH?

What is a "false positive" here?

How are ring structures formed from monosaccharides?

What does this covalent bonding form?

Draw a diagram showing D-Glucose forming 2 different ring structures

Describe the changes in bonding that occurs to the carbonyl group

Why do different ring structures form from the glucose?

How does most of glucose exist?

How can Le Chatelier's principle be applied to this system?

Draw the formation of a Haworth Projection of D-Fructose

Draw a Haworth Projection of B-D galactose, what is this an epimer of?

Describe the conformation of pyranose rings

Describe the conformation of a furanose ring

What conformation predominates in B-D-Glucopyranose?

Give an example of a sugar derivative formed by the addition of a sulphate group

Give an example of a sugar derivative formed by the addition of an amine group

How is a glycosidic bond formed?

What sort of sugars have glycosidic bonds

What are N-glycosidic bonds

What monosaccharides is the olignosaccharide Lactose formed from?

What monosaccharides is the olignosaccharide Trehalose formed from?

What monosaccharides is the olignosaccharide Maltose formed from?

What monosaccharides is the olignosaccharide Sucrose formed from?

Which sugars are non-reducing and why?

Draw the formation of a glycosidic bond for Maltose

What is a hemiacetal?